Blood bank exam 2 review

organize D, C,E, d, c, e in order of percentage in the populations

1. e=98%

2. D=85%

3. C=70%

4. c= 80%

5. E=30%

6. d= 15%

Ce in fisher race is equal to what in weiner (D and d)

D= R1

d= r’

cE in fisher race is equal to what in weiner (D and d)

D= R2

d= r”

ce in fisher race is equal to what in weiner (D and d)

D= R0

d=r

CE in fisher race is equal to what in weiner (D and d)

D= Rz

d= ry

D+ C+ E- c- e+, possible haplotype, fisher race, Weiner

D-, C-, E-, c+, e+, possible haplotype, fisher race, Weiner

D+, C-, E+, c+, e+, possible haplotype, fisher race, Weiner

D-, C-, E+, c+, e+ possible haplotype, fisher race, Weiner

D+, C+, E-, c+, e+ possible haplotype, fisher race, Weiner

D-, C+, E-, c-, e+ possible haplotype, fisher race, Weiner

D-, C-, E+, c+, e- possible haplotype, fisher race, Weiner

D+, C+, E+, c-, e+ possible haplotype, fisher race, Weiner

D-, C+, E+, c+, e- possible haplotype, fisher race, Weiner

what is the f antigen and is it clinically significant

antigen is expressed on the RBC when both c and e are present
on the same haplotype. Antibodies against ce or anti-f have been
called compound antibodies

yes, although its not common

if a transfusion is needed what kind of units in the D, C, E world would be given if F antigen is a worry?

c negative units

What antigen is found on all C + cells and most D+ cells

G antigen

Someone with antigen G should receive units that are

negative for D and C antigens

Normal RHD gene →

normal Rhd protein

Normal RHCE gene →

Normal RHCE protein

Amino acid point mutations in the gene RHCE make?

C or c and E or e

What causes variation in D antigen expression?

• Deletion & suppression
  • Weak expression
  • Weak-D
  • Del
  • Partial expression or partial d

If there is a mutation in RHAG but normal RHD/RHCE gene then it is said to be regulated by

the regulator pathway

deletion of RH antigen is said to be conrolled by the

amorph pathway

When there is Rh null the RBC has:

• osmotic fragility

• decreased anion transport

• decreased lifespan

• RBC structure=stomatocyte

How are weak D antigens detected

• monoclonal anti-D reagents at IS

• AHG

C in the trans position→ steric hinderance of D →

weak expression of the D antigen

What is Del

IS type as Rh negative, takes adsorption or elution to determine if he D antigen is present

Partial d uses altered D epitopes and can form

anti-D

Weak D has a decreased number of RhD on the surface and

does not typically form anti-D

Wen is weak D testing required

• Donors

• Pregnant females- RhIg

• Neonate cord samples

invalid/ no control

invalid/ control is positive

weak D positive

Invalid control and DAT positive

invalid/ control is positive

What IgM is cold agglutinating

M,N, Lewis Lea Leb, I i, Lua

Which antibodies and other blood groups make IgG

Rh (D,d,C,c,E,e)

Kidd (Jka, Jkb)

Duffy(Fya, Fyb)

Kell (K, k), Lub

What antigens show dosage?

Kidds

Duffy

Rh-except D

MNS

Kmod

weak expression of Kell BGS antigens due to point mutation(s) in the KEL gene

• Another way for weaker Kell antigen
  expression is due to the presence of Kpa
  in the cis position

K null

lack of Kell BGS antigens
• Can form anti-Ku (Kell Universal) and will
only not react with RBCs from another K0
individual

McLeod phenotype

weak expression of Kell BGS antigens due to the lack of Xk protein

What is AHG

anti-human globulin

what is the purpose of AHG

a probe for the Fc portion of human igG and other globulins such as complement (C3)

What causes a false positive DAT

• contaminated sample

• over-centrifugation

• inadequate shaking

• over reading tubes

• in vitro binding of C3 due to cold antibody

What can cause a false negative DAT

• inadequate washing

• delayed washing

• AHG was not added or had a delay

• delay in reading

• contaminated AHG

• Over shaking

• under reading

DAT detects

in-vivo

IAT detects

in vitro

What are screen cells

O positive cells used in antibody screen

Duffy null or fyfy means what for the patient

they will be resistant to plasmodium vivax

in the duffy system what antibodies are rare

Fy3 and Fy5

What groups are destroyed by enzymes

M, N, Duffy

What are high frequency antigens

• e

• k

• Jsb

• Kpb

• Lub

blood group antigen P1 uses what neutralizing agent

pigeon eggs

blood group antigen Sda uses what neutralizing agent

pooled urine

blood group antigen Lewis uses what neutralizing agent

Saliva

blood group antigen Chido and rogers uses what neutralizing agent

Plasma

what is required with a pre-analytical sample

• pts full name

• at least one unique identifying factor

• EDTA or clot tube without gel

• date/ time of collection and phlebotomist

• tube much match the req

if an individual is Rh null the expression of the Fy5 antigen will be affected how

it will be weakend

what is the most clinically significant of the three isotopes of duffy

IgG 3

• they cause HTR and HDN

What enzyme is duffy resistant to

DTT

anyone who is Rh + can recieve what blood type regardless of ABO

O+

O- is the

universal blood donor of red cells

AB+ is the

universal receiver of Donor red cells

O+ and O- is the universal

Plasma receivers

AB people receiving plasma can receive what type of plasma

AB

lectin

protein capable of binding to a carbohydrate

Anti-H lectin derived from seeds of Ulex europaeus plant will agglutinate type O cells but not

Oh cells

Se and LE attatch sugars to

PS1

H and ABO genes attatch terminal sugars to

PS2 and ABO

LEwis system with a secretor gene is

Leb

Lewis system with no secretor gene is

Lea

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