CHEM 105 Final Exam Study Guide

Flashcards from CHEM 105 Final Exam Study Guide, Chapters 12 & 14 and Cumulative Topics

Glucose contains which carbonyl-containing functional group?

Aldehyde

What is the name of a molecule with five carbons and a carboxylic acid group?

Pentanoic acid

Which compound is the most soluble in water?

The one with the most polar groups

Which compound has the highest boiling point?

The one with the most carbons and the most potential for hydrogen bonding

Which biomolecule contains three ester functional groups?

Lipids/Triglycerides

Which molecule is a four-carbon aldehyde?

Butanal

The nonpolar portion of a molecule is?

Hydrophobic. It dissolves grease.

Soap has a polar head and nonpolar tail. Thus, soap is .

Amphoteric

What functional groups are found in Anandamide?

Alcohols, esters, alkenes, and ketones

Which functional group is ethyl butanoate?

Esters

Which functional group does NOT contain a carbonyl group?

Amine

What functional groups are in testosterone?

Alkene, ketone, alcohol

Which structure is NOT an amide?

Secondary Amine

What is the name of a four-carbon amide with two methyl groups on the nitrogen?

N,N-dimethylbutanamide

Which compound has the highest boiling point?

Amides

Why is it important to differentiate between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

This molecule contains a carboxylic acid, which reacts very differently than an alcohol.

Which molecules contain a carboxylic acid?

CH3CO2H

What is the name of the parent chain of a three-carbon amine?

Propylamine

Which compound is the MOST soluble in water?

Amines

What BEST describes the functional groups in this molecule of soap?

Carboxylate group

What Lewis structure is acetone?

Propanone

Which of the following molecules contains an aldehyde?

Propanal

What functional groups are in aspartame, an artificial sweetener?

Ester, aromatic ring, amide, amine, carboxylate

What BEST describes the functional group(s) in this molecule?

Carboxylate group

How many amides does a peptide contain?

Amides

Which functional group in vanillin is an aldehyde?

I

Which molecules contain a carboxylic acid?

CH3COOH and CH3CO2H

How many stereogenic centers does a molecule with one chiral carbon have?

1

The circled oxygen in the cyclic structure of glucose corresponds to which boxed oxygen in the linear structure?

Choice d

What type of carbonyl is paired with the correct type of ring that is formed?

Aldehyde and pyranose

Choose the cyclic monosaccharides that are the ring form of fructose.

Both structures III and IV are D-fructose.

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are used for long-term energy storage.

What is a racemic mixture?

A 50:50 mixture of enantiomers

Which arrow is pointing to a glycosidic bond?

B only

Sucrose is a nonreducing sugar because?

Neither ring can open.

The following molecule is a __.

Ketohexose

In which of the following Haworth projections is the arrow pointing to the anomeric carbon?

B

How are disaccharides separated into two monosaccharides?

Hydrolysis

In which of the sugars below is the arrow pointing to the carbon that determines whether a sugar is α- or β-?

C

A molecule that is nonsuperimposable on its mirror image is/are .

Chiral

Which structure is a monosaccharide?

All of these are monosaccharides.

Which of the following classes of biomolecules causes dental caries?

Carbohydrates

The Fischer projection for fructose is shown below. Which carbon determines whether the sugar is D- or L-?

Carbon E

Which statement does NOT describe the anomeric carbon?

Glucose does not contain an anomeric carbon.

Which carbon(s) in the Fischer projection below is/are a chirality center?

Carbons I and II

Which statement about enantiomers is TRUE?

Enantiomers may have different properties in a chiral environment.

Which conversion factor is required to convert 36.2 inches to centimeters?

II

The strategy for converting 312 mg to kilograms includes which of the following?

All of the above represent a strategy for converting units.

The number of significant figures in the measurement of 0.004500 cm3 is?

Four

Convert 312 mg to kilograms.

3.12 × 10–4 kg

_ have a mass of approximately 1 amu.

Protons and Neutrons

According to the periodic table, the atomic number of potassium (K) is .

19

Which pair does NOT correctly match an element symbol to its full name?

H – helium

What is the mass number of element X?

81

What is the identity of element X?

Iron

Which symbol represents this isotope?

X-63

What is the mass number of the isotope with the symbol?

18

Which of the following is a valid ionic formula for potassium chloride?

KCl

What are the charges on the ions in Li2O?

Li has a +1 charge, and O has a –2 charge.

Elements in group 1A of the periodic table are likely to form ions with the charge?

+1

What ionic compound has the formula Na2O?

Sodium oxide

Which formula would be named carbon tetrachloride?

CCl4

Which compound is named INCORRECTLY?

AlCl3 – aluminum trichloride

Which of the molecules below does NOT have a permanent dipole?

Molecules that are symmetrical

Which elements have the highest electronegativity and why?

Nonmetals. They accept electrons in order to attain an octet.

Which of the molecules below exhibits hydrogen bonding forces between like molecules?

A, B, C, and D

A polar molecule is one that has?

a more positive side and a more negative side.

Does formaldehyde have a permanent dipole?

Yes. The carbon is partially positive, and the oxygen is partially negative.

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force of attraction that a caffeine molecule could form with other caffeine molecules?

Hydrogen bonds

In molecules with permanent dipoles, _ are the attraction of the positive end of a dipole on one molecule with the negative end of the dipole on another molecule.

Dipole–dipole forces

For the molecules below, which interaction(s) displayed accurately represent hydrogen bonding?

None of the structures represent hydrogen bonding

How many copper atoms are in 0.5 mol of copper?

3.01 × 1023

What is the coefficient for oxygen in the balanced equation?

8

What is the mass of one mole of the hydroxide ion (OH–)?

17 g

Calculate the mass of one mole of dopamine, a neurotransmitter with the molecular formula C8H11NO2.

164 g

What is the coefficient for water in the balanced equation?

6

Which of the following unit conversions are required to calculate the number of cholesterol molecules per deciliter?

All of the conversions are needed.

Below are several chemical equations, each labeled with the names of parts of a chemical equation. Which has the parts labeled correctly?

Reactants are liquid; products are gases.

An exothermic reaction is one that:

Has a negative ΔH.

Which of the following reactions releases the smallest amount of heat?

The one that loses the least energy

The ΔH for the reaction described by the energy diagram is?

Less than zero.

An endothermic reaction absorbs heat when it occurs. How can the equilibrium of an endothermic reaction be shifted toward the products?

Heat the reaction.

During anabolism, heat is absorbed. What does the absorption of heat tell us about the relative energies of the starting small molecules and products of anabolism?

The reactants are lower energy than the products.

Balloon A is placed into a container that has a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure. Which of the following statements about the relationship between pressure and volume is TRUE?

The pressure outside the balloon will compress the air in the balloon, making the balloon smaller.

How do phase changes differ from chemical reactions?

Phase changes do not involve breaking or making covalent bonds.

Does isopropyl alcohol have a higher or lower boiling point than acetone?

Higher, because isopropyl alcohol can hydrogen bond

If liquid formaldehyde is boiled, which of the following illustrations BEST depicts how formaldehyde looks in the resulting vapor?

The formaldehyde separated

To accomplish the change of phase shown in the diagram, you could:

Boil water.

Three boxes, each containing molecules in the gas phase, are illustrated below. Which box would you expect to have the highest pressure?

Box C; the one with most molecules in the box

Jane Doe's blood test showed that her iron is 125 mg/dL. How many grams per liter, g/L, is 125 mg/dL?

1.25 g/L

Cephadrine is one of many antibiotics that act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. If a typical daily dosage is 660 mg, how many milliliters of 75 mg/mL suspension of cephadrine should be administered daily?

8.8 mL

Cephadrine is one of many antibiotics that act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. If a typical daily dosage is 560 mg, how many milliliters of 80. mg/mL suspension of cephadrine should be administered daily?

7.0 mL

According to a blood test, a patient has a blood calcium concentration of 9.7 mg/dL. Express this concentration in units of mg/mL (milligrams per milliliter).

0.097 mg/mL

The boxed species in the following reaction is?

The acid.

What is the pH of a solution with a [H3O+] of 1.0 × 10–5 M?

5.00

The boxed species in the following reaction is?

The acid.

What is the pH of a solution with a [H3O+] of 7.9 × 10–11 M?

10.1

The boxed species in the following reaction is?

The conjugate acid.

In the acid–base reaction: F–(aq) + HNO3(aq) HF(aq) + NO3 –(aq) .

HNO3 is the acid and its conjugate base is NO3 –(aq), and F– is the base and its conjugate acid is HF

Which species is the conjugate acid of HS–?

H2S