schemes

parallelism

similarity of structure in pair or series of related words phrases or clauses

• emphasizes similarities and connections

isocolon

fully balanced (number of words & syllables) — has balance in structure

• contributes to rhythm

antithesis

the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas — in parallel structure

• emphasizes differences

anastrophe

inversion of natural word order

• attention grabber 

parenthesis

insertion of verbal unit in position interrupting the normal syntactical flow

• meant for commentation — uses dashes

apposition

more information about something (placing side by side two coordinate elements)

• allows for additional info

ellipsis

omission of a word or words which are implied in the context

asyndeton

omission of conjunctions between series of related clauses

• hurried rhythm