college history term 5

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invention of the century

automobiles

what do automobiles due to society

fosters other businesses, Ford Plant in St. Paul, MN, help people display themselves and their wealth

Calvin Coolidge

“the business of America is business”, unemployment below 4%

Advertisment

became a new and huge factor of the 1920’s (billboards, radio, etc.)

who was suffering greatly during the 1920’s

farmers due to decline in exports and prices

middle class does what with their money

speculates/gambles it

wages go up, but

it does not keep up with inflation

urban population did what

increased

what symbolized the new city culture

skyscrapers

what was absent from the city

sense of community

Urban life

ethnic and religious diversity, nightlife/movie theaters, toleration of drinking, gambling, casual dating behavior, and a fast paced lifestlye

flappers

young women who are rebellious, energetic, fun-loving, and bold. challenged traditional views of women and symbolized the revolution of morals and manners.

popular dance of the 1920’s

charleston

what becomes an all consuming topic of interest in the 1920’s

sex

cotton club

Harlem, NY a night club which allowed black musicians seen as celebrities. White young people would come to listen.

The Harlem Renaissance/New Negro (1919-1929)

marked the first time African American literature/art was taken seriously and gained significant attention from the nation.

KDKA

first radio station in Pittsburgh, PA

WCCO

Washburn Crosby Company had the first jingle for their advertisement for their Wheaties product. First true commercial with music.

“The Jazz Singer”

1927, first “talkie” or movie with real sound clips

Charles Lindbergh

successfully flies solo across the Atlantic ocean

Prohibition

18th amendment passed in 1918- bans consumption/selling of alcohol

effects of prohibition

a new disrespect for the law, bootlegging becoming a big business, crime/violence increases, corruption, mafia (italian, jewish, irish), caused anti-foreign views, and anti-catholic/jewish views.

Minnesota 13

whiskey made from corn being made in Stearns County, sophisticated system of selling illegal drinks.

Al Capone

bootlegger, found gang members by selecting guys who fought in WWI

St. Valentines Day Massacre

included the Chicago Gang War and the Italian Mafia

Babe Ruth

hit homes runs (which was not seen before), New York Yankees baseball player, idolized by Americans

Jack Dempsey

Boxing heavyweight champion, Irish Americans, boxing is a popular sport

what skyrocketed in the cities?

divorce rates, due to women living life in the cities with their own stable jobs without a husband.

who did urban life upset?

older generations, religious, rural, and social critics

Leopold and Loeb

(1924) both killed a teenage boy just to know what it felt like, their attorney Clarence Darrow saved their lives, blamed their acts on human nature and mental illness

Clarence Darrow

huge attorney during the 1920’s

by 1920…

majority of usa population lived in urban settings (54 million in urban vs 51 million in rural)

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

1920-1927, robbery of a shoe factory and a worker was killed, Sacco and Vanzetti were framed due to their Italian background and anarchist activities. Framed due to their background and were electrocuted and killed.

Immigration acts of 1912 and 1924

immigrants were restricted, quota systems which favored Northern Europeans but limited all Europeans to under 200,000 total

Scopes Monkey Trial

(1923) dayton, tn john t scopes a biology teacher was asked to teach darwin’s theory of evolution, caused an outbreak

rosewood

(1923) rosewood massacre was an attack on an african american town in florida by large groups of white aggressors,

ku klux klan population in 1925

5 million members

klu klux klan believed in

traditional rural views, anti: black, catholic, jew, immigrant, science, urban, alcohol

scopes monkey trial was who agaisnt who

pro science vs anti science. scopes gets clarence darrow the opposing attorney was william jennings bryan. scopes found guilty

what did the harlem renaissance do for black citizens

let them live freely and experience the American dream

which luxury car brand was invented in the 20’s

rolls royce

black musicians who preformed at the cotton club

Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong

mn city the kkk marched in

albert lea in 1923

mn city that the first kkk convention was in

fairbault (1924)

mn cities that kkk burnings occured in

rochester and redwing

kkk chapters started in which mn city

rochester (1926)

kkk marched publicly in

washington d.c (1926)

lost generation

writers who were disillusioned at what they saw in american society

examples of lost generation writers/books

f. scott fitzgerald (the great gatsby) and sinclair lewis (babbitt)

babbitt

focused on american commercial culture and boosterism, society, behavior, and middle class american life

the great gatsby

focused on the effect of wealth, morals, hope, and ignorance

republican beliefs in the 20’s

do nothing for the economy

william harding

1920 republican “return to normalcy”, teapot dome scandal

calvin coolidge

took over for harding after he passed, tax cuts, conservative viewpoints, “keeping cool with coolidge”

herbert hoover

self-made, midwest “chicken in every pot, car in every garage”

al smith

irish catholic, 1928 election (votes made up of immigrants/urban people)

1928 election

hoover (republican)-WINS against smith (democrat)

car and radio manufacturers kept production up

when surge for the items ended, inventory was high

“return to normalcy”

after fighting ww1, believe that as americans we should relax and recollect ourselves

teapot dome scandal

harding appointed his ohio poker friends (apart of ohio gang) to his cabinet

secretary of interior (teapot dome scandal)

albert fall, he secretly leased land off to oil companies, received $400k from the companies.

coolidge believed in the ? effect

trickle down

trickle down effect

if businesses are not taxed severly, they would hopefully lower prices and help the economy

1929

stock market crashes

free soup given out by

churches, salvation army, soup kitchens

great crash

1928: soaring stock prices, 1929: stock market crashes

cause of stock market crash

buying on credit, changing values, panic

layoffs lead to

people not being able to buy→ less consumption→ more layoffs→ economy altered

unemployment hits what percent in 1932

25

what happens to the employed 75%

paid less and reduced hours

who did americans blame for economic downfall

themselves

hoover’s volunteerism

resists direct aid to unemployed, did not believe the governments role was to give charity to others

what did parents do with their older children they could not afford

abandoned them or gave them up for marriage

what increased with males during the great depression

suicide rates, due to loosing their breadwinner status

hoovervilles

shanty towns homeless people were living in, called hoovervilles due to hoovers lack of help fro citizens and communities-. he becomes the scapegoat.

wild boys of the road

young men who would stand on top of the railcars due to not knowing where to settle, looking for life

bonus army

veterans who marched washington d.c in 1932, they wanted their ww1 veteran bonuses.

what did the government troops due to the bonus armies

burned down bonus armies shantytowns, steamrolled citizens, and killed rioters.

FDR

governor of new york, new deal creator, voted four times in the office, hosts fireside chats on the radio

eleanor roosevelt

first lady of the united states, helped women gain higher political positions during the new deal, became america’s first cabinet member (labor)

darkest hours of the great depression

waiting for fdr to get into office

FDR inauguration speech

“the only thing to fear, is fear itself”

first 100 days (what was all passed)

15 ideas passed in the first three months of presidency, intense legislative pace, bank holiday, RELIEF AND RECOVERY

fireside chats

radio chats hosted by fdr, updated the american population on the economy and government

foreclosures

when you do not pay back the bank payments and the bank takes away your house

fbi g-man

increased rate of police force and protection services due to increased crime rates from the depression

grapes of wrath

written by john steinbach which was written about the great depression

critics of the new deal

father coughlin, huey long, francis townsend

father coughlin

priest who had a national radio show in detroit, hit banks, hated jews, want “social justice”

huey long

“kingfish”, governor/senator of LA, “share the wealth” assassinated in 1935

dr. frances townsend

advocate for the elderly, social security, created a pension plan to pay elderly

2nd 100 days

reforms: social security act, Wagner Act, F.D.I.C

social security act

provided pensions, unemployment insurance, and insurance for work-related injuries

wagner act

recognized the rights of employees to join unions, work with unions for hours, wages, and working conditions.

african americans were the first ones fired and

last ones hired

racism and segregation remained strong during the great depression

example: lower wages for black workers

1936 elections

FDR won by a larger amount than in 1932

ccc

federal work program, civilian conservation corp. hired young men to work towards producing state parks and creating trails instead of having the workers rely on crime to survive

tva

tennessee valley authority provided jobs, stop flooding, provide electrical power, and government utility.

wpa

works progress administration