Unit 2 Ap human geography Vocab

Agricultural density

Amount of farmers compared to the amount of land that needs farmers.

Antinatalist

policies that discourage people from having kids

Arable

Land suitable for growing crops

Arithmetic density

The total population divided by the total land area

Asylum seekers

Someone who has migrated from another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee.

Brain Drain

large-scale emigration by talented or smart people, such as existing a country because of unfair social rights.

Carrying capacity

largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support

chain migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Circulation

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis

Crude Birth Rate CBR

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society

Crude Death Rate CDR

The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people

Demographic transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rates of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth an death rates, low rates of natural increase, and a higher population.

demography

the scientific study of population characteristics

dependency ratio

the number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

doubling time

the number of yearly needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

ecumene

the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

emigration

migration from a location or existing country

epidemic

a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease within one region

Epidemiology

the study of diseases- incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors to health

fertility

the production of offspring within a population

guest workers

a person with temporary permission to work in another country

immigration

Migration to a new location or entering a new country

Infant mortality rate IMR

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of every 1000 lives births in a society

Internal migration

permanent movement within a particular country

Internally displaced person

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

Interregional migration

permanent movement from one region to another.

intervening obstacle

an environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders (delays) migration

intervening opportunity

the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away

Life expectancy

the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given the current social, economic, and medical conditions.

Migration

form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.

Mortality

Natural increase rate NIR

the percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rates (CBR - CDR = NIR [in percentage form])

net migration

the difference between the level of immigration an d the level of emigration

Pandemic

disease that affects multiple regions

Physiological density

the number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

Population pyramid

a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Pronatalist

a government policy that encourages or enforces childbearing

pull factors

factors that induce people to move to a new location.

push factors

factors that induce people to leave old residences

Quota

a law that places maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. In order to be a refugee, they must be recognized as meeting these criteria

Remittances

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poor countries.

Sex ratio

Ther number of males per 100 females in the population

Step migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to a nearby village and later to a town and city

Total fertility rate TFR

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

Transhumance

the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

Transnational migration

regular movement of a person between two or more countries resulting in a new cultural identity

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements

Intraregional migration

Permanent movement within one region