Consciousness-Altering Substances

Psychoactive Drug

A chemical substance that alters perception, mood, or consciousness.

Physical Dependence

The body adapts to a drug, causing withdrawal symptoms when use stops.

Psychological Dependence

Emotional or mental attachment to a drug or its effects.

Tolerance

Reduced response to a drug after repeated use, requiring more for the same effect.

Neuroadaptation

The brain’s adjustment to repeated drug exposure, leading to tolerance or dependence.

The Placebo Effect

Improvement due to belief in treatment rather than the treatment itself.

Disinhibitor

A substance that reduces self-control and restraint (common with alcohol).

Inhibitor

A substance that suppresses neural activity or physiological processes.