BSC2085 + L Module 5

The increased blood pressure associated with stress is thought to be caused by the endocrine response involving which ONE of the following organs?

kidneys

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by chromaffin cells, located in which ONE of the following regions of the suprarenal gland?

medulla

Which of the following molecules are glucocorticoids?

- cortisol

- cortisone

- corticosterone

What is the name of the female sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics?

estrogen

Another term for colloid, a protein-rich material found in thyroid follicles that serves as a hormone precursor for T3 and T4, is ____________.

thyroglobulin

The hormone produced by the pineal gland is

melatonin

The posterior pituitary is controlled by

nerve impulses

Parathyroid hormone raises calcium levels in the blood.

true

Glucocorticoids are secreted by this section of the adrenal gland.

zona fasciculata

The endocrine gland composed of a cortex and medulla, each with specific functions

adrenal

The groups of hormone-secreting cells scattered throughout the pancreas

islets

The tiny glands located behind the thyroid gland

parathyroids

The gland in the brain that is regulated by light

pineal

The part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland

hypothalamus

A substance produced by an endocrine gland

hormone

The largest of the endocrine glands located in the neck

thyroid

The part of the pituitary connected to the hypothalamus by a portal system

anterior lobe

The element regulated by hydroxycholecalciferol, a hormone produced from vitamin D

calcium

An organ present only during pregnancy that secretes hormones needed for normal development of the embryo

placenta

The hormone produced by the pancreatic islets that raises blood sugar levels

glucagon

The hormone from the posterior pituitary that causes uterine contraction

oxytocin

The chemical category that includes the sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex

steroids

The hormone that aids in maturation of the T cells needed for immunity

thymosin

A hormone released by the adrenal cortex during stressful situations that acts to reduce inflammation

cortisol

All of the following are functions of testosterone EXCEPT?

Growth of facial hair

Puberty

Deepening of the voice

- CORRECT: None of the above

Which factors will cause secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

Decrease in blood levels of T3 and T4

Drop in BMR

- CORRECT: Both of the above

Which of the following stimulates the leydig cells to secrete testosterone?

Luteinizing hormone

The seven hormones secreted from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis are integral to all of the following EXCEPT?

Metabolism and Homeostasis

Growth

Development

- CORRECT: None of the above

The function of the Zona fasciculata is which of the following?

secrete glucocorticorid hormones

Which ONE of the following terms is give to the state that occurs if the resistance reaction fails to combat the stressor?

exhaustion

Which of the following are stimulated by glucocorticoids?

gluconeogenesis

Which ONE of the following is the hormone that blocks further production of sperm?

inhibin

Which ONE of the following veins drains the neurohypophysis?

posterior hypophyseal vein

Which of the following may be caused by cortisol during the resistance reaction of the stress response?

B and C

inhibition of inflammation + lipolysis

All of the 92 naturally occuring elements are found in one form or another within the human body.

false

Proteins are composed of smaller units called amino acids.

true

The element that makes up the greatest percentage by weight in the body is ___________.

oxygen

An element found in table salt.

chlorine

An element needed to build bones.

calcium

The element that is combined with oxygen in water.

hydrogen

An element specific to hemoglobin.

iron

The element that is the basis of organic chemistry.

carbon

A subunit of an element.

atom

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.

mixture

A substance that dissolves in another substance.

solute

A substance composed of two or more different elements.

compound

A unit formed by the union of two or more atoms.

molecule

Which of the following is not a common chemical element in the body?

copper

If you weigh 100 pounds, your body contains close to 60 pounds of water.

true

The pH scale ranges from

0 - 14

A type of protein that acts as a catalyst in metabolic reactions

enzyme

Another name for a fat

lipid

Particles that vary in number in different isotopes

neutrons

The type of bond that forms an electrolyte

ionic

Term that describes a pH of 7.0

neutral

The element contained in all organic compounds

carbon

A mixture that contains larger particles that are heterogeneous and appear translucent or cloudy

colloid

Receptors for water-soluble hormones are found on their target cells in which ONE of the following regions?

plasma membrane

Which ONE of the following terms best describes hormones that produce an action greater when acting together than either would on their own?

synergistic

Which of the following are endocrine glands?

ALL:

suprarenal gland

thyroid gland

pituitary gland

The infundibulum is the

stalk of the pituitary

Islet cells are found in the adrenal gland.

false

Which of the pancreatic cells are responsible for production of Somatostatin?

delta cells

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating and maintaining milk production and secretion?

Prolaction

Name the organ that is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycles

Pineal gland

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine are both derived from which of the following compounds?

Iodine and Tyrosine

The seven hormones secreted from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis are integral to all of the following EXCEPT?

Growth

Metabolism and Homeostasis

Development

- CORRECT: None of the above

Which ONE of the following best describes the relative speed of the onset for the effects of the endocrine system relative to that of the nervous system?

endocrine effects occur more slowly than nervous effects

All of the following may be caused by an increase in levels of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 except:

increased lipogeneis

Which ONE of the following terms is give to the state that occurs if the resistance reaction fails to combat the stressor?

exhaustion

An element needed to metabolize nutrients for energy.

oxygen

A mixture in which the components separate unless shaken.

suspension

A charged atom or group of atoms.

ion

The term for complex compounds that are found in living things.

organic

A mixture in which the components remain evenly distributed.

solution

Which of the following is not an organic compound?

- CORRECT: water

amino acid

glycerol

fat

carbohydrate

A substance that helps to maintain a stable hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

buffer

The science that deals with the composition of all matter

chemistry

The part of the atom containing most of its mass including protons and neutrons

nucleus

The smallest complete unit of matter

atom

Term for the chemical compounds that characterize living things

organic

A substance composed of one type of atom

element

The first energy level or shell of an atom can hold eight electrons.

false

Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbohydrates.

true

thyrotrophs

TSH

lactotrophs

PRL

somatotrophs

hGH

corticotrophs

ACTH

gonadotrophs

FSH

Which ONE of the following hormones is produced by the kidneys and increases oxygen delivery to cells of the body?

erythropoietin

Which of the following hormones have paracrine actions, in addition to their endocrine actions?

pancreatic polypeptide

somatostatin

Which of the following are hormone-like substances that have autocrine or paracrine actions?

prostaglandins

nerve growth factor

epidermal growth factor

leukotrienes

A hormone from the adrenal cortex that helps regulate sodium and potassium balance

aldosterone

A female sex hormone

estrogen

The hormone secreted by the islets of the pancreas that lowers blood sugar

insulin

A male sex hormone

testosterone

A hormone from the islets of the pancreas that raises blood sugar

glucagon

A portal system links the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.

False

Glucagon is the pancreatic hormone that lowers blood sugar levels.

false

Oxytocin is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

false