Indian Philosophy Terms

ontology

theories about what exists

epistemology

theories about knowledge, how you know something is true

eschatology/soteriology

what happens after you die

atman/jiva

soul/selfkar

karma

accumulation over time, affects birth and future birth, current life is result of past karma

papam

bad karma

punyam

good karma

samsara

mundane reality, goal is to break out of this

nirvana/moksa/apavarga

release from karma samsara, breaking out of cycle

tarkas-dosas

logic-error

cakraka

circularity

anavastha

infinite regression

vitanda

arguing with good intent

prasangikaa

person who is trying to find internal incoherence without revealing their own opinion

first cause

God

duhkha

being jaded

RCH

right cognitive habit

mantra

sacred utterance in honor of deva

sruti

heard texts, done by rishis, more epistemic

smrti

opposite of sruti, remembered texts, humanly constructed, lore

vedas

knowledge, vid ~ to know

Carvaka

perception is the only means of valid knowledge

pratyaksa

perception

pramana

means of valid knowledgee

eva

only

sabda pramana

authoritative words/speech

upamana pramana

comparison, know things through comparison

anumana

inference

sadhya

smoke

hetu

fire

vyapti

invariable relationship

apaurusheya

not humanly made

yajna

sacrifice

agni

ignite

manas

organ for thinking capacity

nyaya

they come up with language and relationships

four noble truths

there is suffering, it has a source, it can end, there is a path that leads to the end of suffering

eight fold path

views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration

sarvam anityam

all things are transient

jivam duhkham asti

life is suffering

anatman

no self doctrine

five skandhas

forms, feelings, perceptions, formations, consciousness

what happened in 8bc

massive shift about caste/class system, beginning of karma, belief in cause and effect

3 products of 8bce awareness

jainism (nonviolence), hinduism (reinterpretation of vedas/upanisas), buddhism

upanisa

dialogue between teachers and students

what did siddartha see

man with cough, man with cane, corpse, and ascetic

akshatrya

warrior

madhya

middle way

svarga

heaven