Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics Exam Review

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to fluid mechanics and thermodynamics, including principles, effects, laws, and properties of fluids and heat transfer.

What does the buoyant force depend on according to Archimedes' Principle?

The weight of the displaced fluid.

What principle states that if a fluid's speed increases, its pressure decreases?

Bernoulli's Principle.

What effect describes a spinning object moving through a fluid experiencing a force perpendicular to its motion?

Magnus Effect.

What effect explains why streams of fluid tend to stick to surfaces?

Coandă Effect.

What number helps determine whether a flow is laminar or turbulent?

Reynolds Number.

What is the phenomenon called that allows a cloth to absorb a spilled liquid?

Capillary Effect.

What allows water striders to stride on water?

Surface Tension.

What term refers to the measure of the thickness of a fluid?

Viscosity.

What term describes a dramatic reduction of lift due to flow separation in aerodynamics?

Stall.

What effect explains why water floats on a cushion of steam when sprinkled on a hot griddle?

Leidenfrost Effect.

What kind of flow involves vortices at all scales?

Turbulent Flow.

What type of flow can produce smooth, glassy sheets of water?

Laminar Flow.

What type of flow occurs most easily if the fluid velocity is high?

Turbulent Flow.

What kind of flow occurs on scales from blood in arteries to the Orion Nebula?

Turbulent Flow.

What type of flow occurs most easily if the fluid viscosity is high?

Laminar Flow.

Why does a clean car have less wind resistance and better gas mileage than a dirty car?

Laminar Flow.

How do dimples on a golf ball help the ball travel farther?

Turbulent Flow.

What is the pressure of water at a depth of 100 m compared to the pressure at a depth of 50 m?

Twice.

What is the density of water at a depth of 100 m compared to the density at a depth of 50 m?

Equal to.

How does the total mass of a naval vessel compare to the total mass of the displaced water?

Equal to.

What principle does the mechanism to rapidly inflate emergency slides of passenger planes use?

Bernoulli's Principle.

What causes ice on the wings of a plane to lead to a loss of lift?

A turbulent flow boundary layer around the wing.

What term describes the heat subtracted (or added) at a phase transition while temperature remains constant?

Latent Heat.

How does evaporation differ from boiling?

Both in the temperatures at which they take place and at where they take place in the liquid.

What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?

Heat is a form of energy, and the total energy is conserved.

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?

Disorder does not decrease with time in a closed system.

What does entropy relate to?

The disorder in a system.

What does specific heat capacity refer to?

The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.

What is unique about the specific heat capacity of water?

It is unusually high.

What mechanism describes heat transport due to atomic collisions without breaking chemical bonds?

Conduction.

What mechanism describes heat transport along with the atoms of a fluid?

Convection.

What mechanism describes heat transport by electromagnetic waves?

Radiation.

Which statement is true regarding land and sea temperatures?

Both the land tends to warm higher than the sea during the day and cools lower than the sea at night.

What phenomenon do buzzards exploit to gain altitude?

Convection.

What is true about a good thermal absorber?

A good absorber of thermal radiation is also a good emitter.

What is the relationship between the peak frequency of thermal radiation emitted by an ideal black body and absolute temperature?

It is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

What do two objects in thermal equilibrium have in common?

They have the same temperature.

Which states of matter are most likely to be good thermal conductors?

Both solid and liquid.

What is more likely to be a good thermal absorber?

Objects with dark colors.

What material is more likely to be a good thermal conductor?

Metal.

What makes the seatbelt buckle feel much colder in the winter than the rest of the car?

The buckle is a good thermal conductor.