Biomolecules Quiz.

What happens to the excess of carbohydrates in our diet?

Excess carbohydrates are converted to fat for storage.

Can you explain the process of metabolism in simple terms?

Metabolism is the process by which your body breaks down food into energy and building blocks to keep you alive, repair tissues, and remove waste.

What are the important characteristics of a high-quality protein?

Complete and diverse amino acid profile.

What is the significance of L-derived carbohydrates?

L-derived carbohydrates are uncommon in nature and are not normally used in human metabolism.

What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in the body?

Provide energy, regulate blood glucose levels, support cell structure, and aid in digestion.

What is the role of glucose in energy production?

Glucose is a primary energy source that is converted into ATP during cellular respiration.

What is the importance of steroids and how do trans fats affect their function?

Steroids are important because they help control things like growth, hormones, and cell membranes, and trans fats can mess with them by making cell membranes stiffer and less healthy.

How do we convert fructose and galactose into ATP?

Fructose and galactose are converted into glucose in the liver, and then that glucose is used in cellular respiration to make ATP.

Which monosaccharide provides us with less energy, therefore less response to glucose in blood and a "healthier option"?

Fructose (it causes a smaller blood glucose spike compared to glucose).

What are the different types of lipids and their roles in the body?

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids, which serve roles in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling.

What are saturated and unsaturated fats, and why are they important?

- Saturated fats: have no double bonds → solid at room temperature.
- Unsaturated fats: have one or more double bonds → liquid at room temperature.
- Importance: They provide energy, are part of cell membranes, and help absorb vitamins. Unsaturated fats are considered "heart-healthy" because they lower LDL cholesterol.

How do the structures of proteins relate to their functions?

The structure determines their function by dictating how they interact with other molecules.