unit 4

Delegates

Decides based off of what the people want

trustees

Makes decisions based on their own judgment and expertise, rather than direct input from the people.

partisans

Make decisions based on party loyalty and interests, often prioritizing party agenda over constituents' preferences.

Politicos

Act as a combination of delegates, trustees, and partisans, balancing constituents' needs with party loyalty and personal judgment.

bill

A proposed law presented for debate and approval in a legislative body.

floor consideration

The consideration and action on a bill by the full membership of the house or senate

session

period of time which, each year, Congress assembles and conducts business

recess

a temporary suspension of congressional proceedings, allowing members to take a break before reconvening.

special session

a period in which Congress convenes outside of its regular session to address specific issues or emergencies.

Franking privilege

the right of members of Congress to send mail to their constituents free of charge, using their signature instead of a stamp.

apportioned

divided among the states based on population, determining the number of representatives each state receives in the House. (to be distributed)

reapportioned

the process of redistributing the number of representatives each state has in the House after a census, based on changes in population. (every 10 years)

gerrymandering

the manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor one political party over another, often resulting in distorted representation.

off year elections

Elections that occur in non-presidential election years, often featuring local and state offices.

incumbent

An elected official currently holding office, seeking re-election.

continuous body

A legislative body that remains in operation and does not dissolve after each election, allowing for staggered terms for its members.

expressed powers

Specific powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, including the authority to levy taxes, regulate commerce, and declare war.

inherent powers

Powers that are not explicitly listed in the Constitution but are deemed necessary for the government to function effectively and maintain its sovereignty.

implied power

Powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are inferred from its language, allowing Congress to carry out its expressed powers effectively.

tax

A mandatory financial charge imposed by the government on individuals and entities to fund public services and programs.

public debt

The total amount of money that a government owes to creditors, typically resulting from budget deficits and borrowing. (haven’t been repaid)

Bankruptcy

the legal proceeding by which a bankrupt persons assets are distributed among those to whom he or she owes debt to

legal tender

any kind of money that a creditor must by law accept in payments for debt

copyright

the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish,perform,film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same

pantent

a document granting an inventor sol rights to an invention

eminent domain

power of a government to take private property for public use

democracy

a government where the people have the right to vote for their leader and form the government

monarchy

a government ruled by a hereditary leader, such as a king,

Necessary and Proper Clause

Clause of the constitution ( article 1 section 8 clause 3) states that congrESs in addition to its expressed powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the constitution vests in the national government

quit

to declare not guilty, free from blame, discharge completely (to behave)

impeached

to charge a public official with a crime for the purpose of removing them from office

perjury

lying under the oath

subpoena

a court order requiring appearance and/or testimony

term

two year period of time during which congress meets

Convene

come or bring together for a meeting or activity; assemble