Fossil Fuels - Oil

Crude Oil

Unrefined liquid hydrocrabons

Petroleum

Crude oil and all refined products that come from it

Petroleum Products

Usable outputs from refining

Sweet Crude

Low Sulfur content - cheaper, easier to refine, less pollution

Sour Crude

High sulfur content, needs more refining, more corrosive and pollutingLig

Light Crude

Low density, flows easy, valuable

Heavy Crude

Thick, high density, needs more processing

Oil Formation

Microorganisms + heat & pressure over millions of yearstransform into hydrocarbons, leading to the creation of oil reservoirs.

Extraction of Oil

Small droplets in porous rocks - only 30-40% is removed

Refining oil - separation (1)

heated and separated by boiling point

refining - conversion (2)

Break down hydrocarbon into smaller molecules

refining - treatment (3)

removes sulfur and impurities

Barrel of Crude Oil

42 gallons

uses

gasoline, diesel/heating oil, jet fuel

Major Oil reserves

Middle east, south america, north america, russia, africa

Consumption

approx 40-50 years

Oil Producing countries

US, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Canada, Iran

Oil consumers

US, China, India, Saudi Arabia

OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Opec Impact

30-40% control over oil supply, influences via production quotas

US

Top producer & top consumer, net importer of crude, net exporter of petroleum

Domestic supply

will last 10-15 years based on current consumption

US oil locations

Texas (Permian Basin), North Dakota, Alaska, Gulf of Mexico

highest producing state

Texas, New mexico, north dakota, Colorado, Alaska, Oklahoma

SPR

Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Petroleum Uses

Transport, industrial, residential, commercial, electric power

Petroleum products

petrochemical industry, plastics, fiber, fertilizer, meds

Impacts

same as coal essentially

impact - transport

air pollution, tanker accidentals

Justice issue

primarily located in low-income areas

CA & Oil

Produces & consumes