Reproduction viruses

Infectious bovine Rhinotracheitis

virus: bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (herpesviridae)

abortion storms, typically mid-late gestation, also pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV), key cue: abortions following respiratory disease outbreak in a naive or under vaccinated herd (fetal hepatic necrosis)

males: infectious balanoposthitis (IBP) painful penile/preputial lesions

veneral transmission; usually shed in genital secretions/semen

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

Pestivirus A and Pestivirus B (Flaviviridae)

clinical signs: inapparent infection to fever, depresssion, decreased milk production, abortion, diarrhea, death

NOt secifically affect the digestive tract but immune suppression as a hallmark sign

Muscoal disease high fatal form of BVD in persistently infected when superinfected with cytopathic BVDV

bulls:semen risk BVDV shed in semen, PI bulls chronically shed despite high antibodies→ test all breeding bulls 

pre breeding vaccination to prevent fetal infection Ai only from screen bulls

Bluetongue cattle

Bluetongue virus (sedoreoviridae)

mild respiratory, integumentary system, reproductive impact much less frequent but can happen 

Bluetongue Sheep

Bluetongue virus (sedoreoviridae)

female: culicoides-borne, non-contagious; abortions or malformed lambs if infected during gestation

classic defects= hyranencephaly/porencephaly→ blin/ataxic neonates

testing: RT-qPCR for virus(acute), ELISA/AGID for antibodies (exposure)

control: vector management, vaccination where available, movement/biosecurity controls

male: BTV RNA detectable in semen and transiently reduced semen quality 

sexual transmission is not a major route at the population level but donor screening is standard

Border Disease

virus: Pestivirus Ovis

males: PI shedding rams transmit venerally in semen/secretions, screen rams before breeding season

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

virus: Betaarterivirus suid 1 & 2 (arteriviviridae)

most costly disease in swine, pigs of all ages, common in winter and spring

transmission: virus shed in all secretions and excretions

clinical signs: depend on virulence of virs strain and immune status

initial sign: anorexia, fever, lethargy

hyperpneic, dyspneic, transient hyperemia or cynosis of extremities (blue ear dz) blue discoloration of ears, snout, vulva

nursery pigs: roughened hair coats, reduced growth rates, increased mortality

males: virus harbors in lymph nodes, tonsils, and male repro tract long after virus is cleared from other tissues, can continue to shed virus in semen for prolonged periods of time

control: herd closure, population level with ai and air filtration 

porcine parvovirus

virus: protoparvovirus ungulate 1 (parvoviviridae)

enzootic, most important infectious agents causing infertility, NO SIGNS IN ADULT PIGS, NO DIARRHEA, virus is extremely stable in environement

females: intro to naive herd= extreme loss, gilts naturally infected have immunity and protect fetus, in neonates maternal antibodies can persist up to 6 months preventing active immunization

SMEDI, NO abortion

males: shed in semen, qPCR for screening semen

VAccinate all breeding stock (gilt, sows, boars) before breeding with KIlled PPV virus

Porcine Circocvirus associated disease

virus: porcine circovirus 2 (circoviridae) and 3

transmission: oronasal via direct contact and fomaties, virus shed in feces, respiratory secretions, urine, vertical transmission (maternal antibodies protect piglets againts infection)

Dx: traid clinical signs, lesions, viral detection in lesions

control: vax effective in reducing viral load and subsequent shedding, reduce occurrence of PCVADs and mortality

Bovine Respiratory disease complex shipping fever pneumonia

pathology: starts with immunocompromised animal (stress) then gets viral infection and secondary bacterial infection from commensal bacteria leading to broncho-pneumonia (which colonize in the cranioventral lung tissue)

Resp. dz

Bovine coronavirus infection (BCoV)

GI dz

Calf Rotaviral Diarrhea (rotavirus a)

GI dz

Enzootic bovine leukosis

virus: bovine leukemia virus; systemic dz

systemic dz

Ovine progressive pneumonia (Maedi-Visna virus)

Resp. dz

ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus)

Resp. dz

Peste de Petite Ruminants virus (PPRV)

viral GI dz- small ruminats; causes severe GI (respiratory and reproductive signs not in US)

Carpine Arthritis Encephalitis 

Retrovirus (hard udder but no respiratory dz (differentiate from OPP))

systemic dz 

Contagious ecthyma (orc, sore mouth)

viral diarrheas in piglets

rotaviruses and coronaviruses

common systemic dz in swine: african swine fever and classical swine fever