Grammar study guide

Infinitive

The "to___" form of a verb

Participle

Verbs that act as adjectives

Gerund

'-ing' verbs that function as a noun

Phrase

A group of words that function as a single part of speech

Clause

A group of words with a subject and predicate

Appositive

Noun phrases

Simple Sentence

1 independent clause

Compound Sentence

2 independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction

Complex Sentence

One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

Compound Complex Sentence

2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clauses

Adverb Clause

Can appear anywhere in a sentence, begins with a subordinating conjunction

Adjective Clause

Directly follows the noun it modifies, starts with relative pronouns

Noun Clause

Introduces the noun clauses, functions as one of the 6 parts of speech

Prepositional Phrase

Begins with a preposition

Adverb Prepositional Phrase

Provides more information about the verb that it modified

Adjective Prepositional Phrase

Renames a noun, follows a noun

Indirect Object

Requires a direct object, no complement is in a prep phrase

Complements

Sentences with direct and indirect objects