Anatomy and Physiology Review Flashcards

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on anatomy, physiology, healthcare procedures, and relevant medical terminology.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body.

Physiology

The study of the function of the body.

Cell

Represents the basic unit of all living things.

Tissue

A group of cells with similar or common function.

Organ

A group of tissues with similar or common function.

Organ System

Controls body temperature and protects body from environmental hazards.

Skeletal System

Supports body, protects soft body parts, stores minerals, and forms blood cells.

Muscular System

A group of cells with similar or common function.

Cardiovascular System

Responsible for circulating blood throughout the body.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Veins

Blood vessels that return blood to the heart.

Capillaries

Small blood vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs.

Respiratory System

Compose of the lungs and airways to let you breathe.

Bronchi

Main passageways into the lungs.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Digestive System

Processes food and absorbs nutrients.

Mouth

The entry point for food where digestion begins with chewing and saliva.

Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the throat with the stomach.

Stomach

A sac-like organ that churns food and mixes it with digestive juices.

Pharynx

The part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity.

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

Prohibits health insurers and employers from discriminating based on genetic information.

Wave Schedule

Several patients are scheduled at the same time.

Stream Schedule

Patients are scheduled in 10-, 15-, 20-, or 30-minute intervals.

Cluster Schedule

Group similar appointments together during the day or week.

CLIA Waived tests

Simple and easy-to-perform tests with a low risk of unreliable results.

Moderate-complexity tests

Not waived but performed outside laboratories.

High-complexity tests

Includes cytology, histopathology, or cytogenetics.

Small Intestine

A long, coiled tube where most digestion and nutrient absorption occur.

Large Intestine (Colon)

Absorbs material not digested and is about to be eliminated as waste.

Rectum

The final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

Anus

The opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces exits the body.

Liver

Produces bile, which helps digest fats.

Gallbladder

Stores bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine.

Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate for digestion.

Nervous System

Controls body functions and communication.

Dermis

The layer beneath the epidermis containing blood vessels and nerves.

Central Nervous System

Includes the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves outside of the CNS.

Neuron

Nerve cell that transmits signals.

Musculoskeletal System

Provides support and movement.

Bones

Provide structure and protection.

Muscles

Facilitate movement of the body.

Joints

Connections between bones.

Endocrine System

Regulates hormones.

Glands

Organs that secrete hormones.

Insulin

Hormone that regulates blood sugar.

Epidermis

Outer layer of skin.

Subdermis

Last layer of the skin.

Urinary System

Removes waste from the body.

Kidneys

Filter waste from the blood to form urine.

Bladder

Stores urine.

Lymphatic System

Provides immune defense and fluid balance.

Lymph nodes

Filter lymph fluid to remove pathogens.

Spleen

Filters blood and helps with immune response.

Cornea

The clear, dome-shaped surface of the eye.

Sclera

The white part of the eye.

Iris

The colored part of the eye.

Pupil

The black opening allowing light to enter the eye.

Conjunctiva

A thin membrane covering the front of the eye.

Lens

A transparent structure that changes shape to focus light.

Retina

The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye.

Pinna (Auricle)

The visible part of the ear.

Ear Canal

The tube that carries sound waves to the eardrum.

Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane)

A thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it.

Cochlea

A spiral-shaped structure converting sound vibrations into signals.

Semicircular Canals

Three structures involved in maintaining balance.

Vestibule

The central part of the inner ear involved in balance.

Cerebrum

Controls voluntary actions, speech, senses, and thought.

Frontal Lobe

Involved in decision-making and problem-solving.

Parietal Lobe

Processes sensory information like touch.

Temporal Lobe

Involved in hearing, memory, and speech.

Occipital Lobe

Responsible for vision.

Cerebellum

Coordinates movement, balance, and posture.

Brainstem

Controls basic life functions.

AAMA

American Association of Medical Assistants.

CCMA

Certified Clinical Medical Assistant.

CMA

Certified Medical Assistant.

NHA

National Healthcareer Association.

RMA

Registered Medical Assistant.

Compliance

When the patient follows the prescribed treatment plan.

License

A permit that lets you practice a particular thing.

Ambulatory care setting

Healthcare facilities where medical assistants work.

Competency

The ability to do something successfully.

Practicum

A course of study involving hands-on work experience.

Accreditation

Evaluating an institution to ensure it meets standards.

Scope of practice

Range of activities a licensed health professional can perform.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

Credentialed

The process of granting a designation.

Ethics

Moral principles governing behavior.

MD

Medical Doctor.

DO

Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine.

Acute

A condition that comes on quickly and is severe.

Chronic

A long-lasting condition.

Hypertension

High blood pressure.

Hypotension

Low blood pressure.

HMO

Health maintenance organization.

PPO

Preferred provider organization.

Burnout

A state of physical and emotional exhaustion.

Goal

The intention of an activity or plan.

Parasympathetic nervous system

Nerves that relax the body after stress.