Criminal Justice and Corrections Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to criminal justice and the correctional system as discussed in the lecture.

Nebraska case

Defined the procedural processes required for prison disciplinary proceedings.

Wolf v. McDonald

Court case involving a disciplinary hearing in Nebraska where Wolf was the warden and McDonald was an inmate.

Collective behavior

Behavior exhibited by a group of individuals that leads to acts such as riots.

Supermax prison

A high-security prison designed to minimize inmate contact with outside entities.

Incapacitation

A goal of the correctional system to prevent an individual from committing further crimes by being confined.

Net widening

Criminal justice system programs that unintentionally increase the number of individuals entering the system.

Pre-sentence investigation (PSI)

A report compiled by a probation officer that provides information to the judge prior to sentencing.

Rehabilitation

A goal of the correctional system focused on improving offenders and reducing recidivism.

Victim precipitation

A criminological term indicating the role of the victim in a given crime.

Recidivism

The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend and return to the criminal justice system.

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

A data collection system that provides detailed information on each criminal act.

Probable cause

The legal standard required for law enforcement to obtain a search warrant.

Stare decisis

Legal principle that dictates that courts must follow prior judicial decisions when the same points arise again in litigation.

Veneer

The selected group of individuals from the jury pool that is questioned during the voir dire process.

Common law

Laws developed through court decisions and judicial precedents rather than through legislative statutes.

Due process

The legal requirement that an individual must be treated fairly and in accordance with established legal rules.