Environment

Swamp

(Đầm lầy)(an area of) very wet, soft land

Eg:The Florida panther moves silently through the swamp, hunting for prey

The hikers got stuck in a muddy swamp during their expedition.

Mosquitoes thrive in tropical swamps

Decimate(v)

Tàn phá,giết hại số lượng lớn/làm suy yếu nghiêm trọng

Eg:Years of civil war decimated the country’s infrastructure. Hospitals, schools, and power plants were left in ruins

Illegal hunting has decimated the elephant population in several regions. Conservationists estimate that only half of the original number remains today.

Prolonged droughts decimated crop production in central Africa, leaving millions of families struggling with food shortages and rising prices

Summer solstice

Hạ chí

Eg:Come and celebrate summer solstice as we party through the shortest night of the year.

Summer solstice is one of the most important days on the pagan calendar.

In the northern hemisphere, the summer solstice falls in June.

Means of livelihood

(Sinh kế)phương tiện kiếm sống/cách kiếm sống/nguồn thu nhập để tồn tại.

Eg:Many workers are searching for new means of livelihood after the factory closed

Tourism provides a means of livelihood for thousands of families in this region.

On the brink of collapse

Trên bờ vực sụp đổ,suýt hỏng,gần như không thể trụ nổi nữa.

Eg:The ancient bridge is on the brink of collapse and needs urgent repairs.

Their relationship was on the brink of collapse, but they decided to seek counseling.

After years of mismanagement, the company was on the brink of collapse.

Humid(adj)

Ẩm ướt,có độ ẩm cao trong không khí

Eg:The room felt humid after the rain.

Tropical forests thrive in warm and humid conditions

Vietnam is known for its hot and humid climate

Shoreline area

Khu vực dọc đường bờ biển/bờ hồ/bờ sông=>Coastal area:vùng ven biển(rộng hơn shoreline area)=>Estuary:cửa sông><Delta:đồng bằng, vùng châu thổ

Eg:Wildlife in shoreline areas is often disturbed by noise and light pollution

Tourism has boosted the economy but also put pressure on shoreline areas.

Mangrove forests protect shoreline areas from storms and flooding

Ocean current

Hải lưu

Eg:Sailors must understand the local ocean currents to plan their routes efficiently

Body of water

Vùng nước

Eg:Protecting the local bodies of water from pollution is critical for the community

The explorer discovered a large, uncharted body of water deep within the jungle.

Temperate zone

Vùng ôn đới

Eg:The temperate zone is ideal for growing crops like wheat and apples.

Climate change may push tropical diseases into temperate zones.

Many temperate-zone countries experience four distinct seasons.

Come ashore

🌅Trôi dạt vào bờ=wash ashore/up:bị sóng đánh dạt vào bờ

Eg:A rare sea turtle came ashore to lay her eggs

Volunteers rushed to clean up debris that came ashore overnight

Dead fish came ashore, signalling a pollution incident.

Pagan calendar

(lịch ngoại giáo)hệ thống lịch gắn với tự nhiên,mùa vụ,chu kỳ mặt trời và mặt trăng

Eg:Some people return to the pagan calendar to reconnect with natural cycles

The pagan calendar turns the changing seasons into sacred moments

Modern holidays like Halloween have roots in the pagan calendar

Seasonal variation

Sự thay đổi theo mùa

A modest seasonal variation in daily routines allows the body to stay aligned with natural rhythms

Accepting seasonal variation in energy levels helps people avoid burnout

Mood disorders often show seasonal variation, especially in colder, darker months

Confluence

Hợp lưu

Bac Ninh has several villages located near river confluences, which were historically important for trade

The temple stands near the confluence of the Cau and Ca Lo rivers

Dizzle(n)

🌧mưa phùn,lất phất

We decided to walk anyway despite the drizzle

London is famous for its gray skies and drizzle

A cold drizzle soaked the streets

Vernal/autumnal equinox

Xuân/thu phân(thời điểm ngày≈đêm)

The autumnal equinox teaches balance before letting go. 🍂

The autumnal equinox is often linked to harvest festivals.

After the vernal equinox, days start getting longer

Top

🗺địa hình

Due to the mountainous topography, soldiers are better positioned to defend their territory than to carry out attacks on nearby regions.

Engineers studied the topography before building the bridge.

The topography of the area makes hiking difficult