Ch. 8

Advocate

Advocate

a supporter of a cause or purpose

Conciliatory

intended to pacify

Surplus

excess over a portion that is actively utilized

Implied

suggested but not directly expressed

Alleviate

to make something less severe

Scenario

a postulated series of events

Sanctions

a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.

Repress

to subdue by force

Degradation

the process of being disrespected or treated with contempt

Ambiguity

being open to more than one interpretation

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

intergovernmental organization in the North Atlantic; promotes cooperation on defense and security to prevent conflict

Rhetoric

language with a persuasive effect lacking in sincerity

Credible

able to be believed

Consensus

a general agreement

Utility

being useful, profitable, and beneficial

Plausible

seemingly reasonable or probable

Sovereign State System

the authority and right of an independent state to govern and regulate its political affairs without foreign interference

Segmented

divided into smaller parts

Trait

a distinctive characteristic or quality, typically belonging to a person

Anarchy

the absence of an overarching authority; not the absence of chaos

Prudence

the ability to discipline oneself with reason

Marauders

raiders or looters

Tactical

actions planned to get a specific military gain or a specific goal accomplished

Exile

the state of being banned from one’s county.

Deterrence

to discourage actions by instilling fear and doubt

Encompass

to have within itself

Autonomous

having the freedom to govern oneself

Reparations

monetary compensation to victims; most likely in terms of war

Retaliation

to attack in return for a similar attack.

Isolationism

a policy of remaining apart from the political affairs of other groups

Disproportionate

the state of being out of proportion

Salient

most noticeable or prominent

Proxies

someone serving as a substitute or authorized representative for another

Demarcated

set the boundaries and limits of something

Proliferated

grow in number exponentially

Rational Behavior

decision-making based on making choices that result in the optimal level of benefit or utility for an individual

National Interest

a state's goals and ambitions used as the aim of the government

Amoral

lacking a moral sense; unconcerned with the correctness of something

Altruistic

selfless concern for the well-being of others

Status Quo

existing state of affairs

Contingent

dependent on circumstances

Negotiate

to discuss with the intent of reaching an agreement

Reciprocity

exchanging something for mutual benefit

Incentives

a motivating factor that encourages someone to do something

Peril

immediate danger

Boycott

to halt relations with someone as a punishment or protest

Nuance

a subtle difference

Renege

to go back on a promise

Disdain

the feeling that someone/something is unworthy of one’s respect

Rational

based on logic

Executive

having the power to put plans/actions into effect

Coalition

temporary alliance for combined action

Jurisdiction

the official authority to make legal decisions and judgments

Allegations

an accusation, often made without proof

Overhaul

take apart in order to examine it or repair it

Insurgents

rebels or revolutionaries

Implicitly

in a way that is not directly expressed

Mobilize

prepare troops for active service

Bipartisan

belonging to two parties

Latitude

a scope of freedom for action or thought

Palatable

acceptable or satisfactory

Tendency

an inclination to a specific characteristic

Vice Versa

the preceding statement the other way around

Fabricate

invent something in order to deceive

Affiliate

attach or connect to an organization

Displaced

move something from its original position

Jeopardize

place someone/something into a dangerous situation

Epitomize

be a perfect example of

IGOs (International Governmental Organizations)

organizations whose membership consists of more than three states; discuss matters of mutual interest; have permanent bureaucracies; can be universal, issue-based, regional, etc.; made up of states

Infringe

actively break the rules of

Retaliate

make a similar attack in return

Elusive

difficult to catch, find, or achieve

Feasible

possible to do easily and conveniently