Absolutism and Constitutional Monarchies ID Terms

Noblesse d'epee

Refers to the old established French nobles. Also fought in the Fronde.

noblesse de robe

the nobles who bought their positions in government from Louis XIV

Louis XIII

Bourbon king of France and son of Henry IV. Probably more famous for his adviser, the Cardinal Richelieu and the growing centralization of power to the French monarchy during his reign.

Intendants

French government agents who collected taxes and administered justice.

Louis XIV

(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.

Cardinal Mazarin

Successor of Cardinal Richelieu and his bad attempts to increase royal revenue and the state lead to the Fronde; ran the government while Louis XIII was still a child

Fronde

a french rebellion that was caused by Mazarin's attempt to increase royal revenue and expand state bureaucracy, caused Louis XIV to distrust the state and turn to absolutism

Bishop Jaques Bossuet

French theologian, renowned for his sermons and other addresses. He has been considered by many to be one of the most brilliant orators of all time and a masterly French stylist.

L' état c'est moi

"I am the State" -Louis XIV

Jean Baptiste Colbert

An economic advisor to Louis XIV; he supported mercantilism and tried to make France economically self-sufficient. Brought prosperity to France.

Marquis of Louvois

He was the minister of the military when Louis XIV ruled, he created a very organized and one of the most powerful armies. He also created many more ranks in the armies, and he got rid of the idea of that you had to be part of a certain family to fight.

War of the Spanish Succession

a conflict, lasting from 1701 to 1713, in which a number of European states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France.

Treaties of Utrecht

signed in 1713, put an end to the War of Spanish Succession (1701-13). The war resulted from a dispute over who should inherit Spain and its possessions after its Habsburg rulers became extinct in 1700.

Cardinal Fleury

Chief minister, tried to solve France's financial problems but didn't because France entered the War of Austrian Succession

Hohenzollerns

This was the royal dynasty of electors in Prussia

Frederick William, the Great Elector

This was the man who starting absolutism in Prussia by uniting the three provinces of Prussia under one ruler.

Junkers

Prussian nobles

Maria Theresa

This was the queen of Austria as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction. She limited the papacy's political influence in Austria, strengthened her central bureaucracy and cautiously reduced the power that nobles had over their serfs

Pragmatic Sanction

This was the act passed by Charles VI that stated that Hapsburg possessions were never to be divided, in order to allow his daughter to be ruler

Muscovy

The Russian feudal duchy that emerged as a local power gradually during the era of Mongol domination. The Muscovite princes convinced their Mongol Tatar overlords to let them collect all the tribute gold from the other Russian princes on behalf of the Mongols. This caused Moscow to become the power center of Russian society and eventually they rebelled against Mongol domination.The Muscovite dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276 to 1598.

Ivan IV “the Terrible”

Confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking the authority of the boyars; continued policy of expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture.

Boyars

Russian nobles

Romanovs

Russian dynasty that came to power in 1613 and ruled for three centuries.

Duma

The Russian elected parliament. Though through establishing this is seemed like the Czar was giving his people power, in reality he could easily get rid of this if they made any laws or such that he didn't like.

Peter the Great

Russian tsar who enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.

“Window to the West”

Warm water port. Peter the Great's access from Russia into the world. Helped westernize Russia.

St. Petersburg

Built by Peter the Great of Russia to attract europeans and to get warm water ports.

Battle of Poltava

After a decisive Russian victory at ___ in 1709, greatly reduced the threat of the Swedish armies, Peter moved in high gear and wanted to build a city like no other in the world, the St. Petersburg. (587)

James I

(1603-1625) Stuart monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted the divine right of kings.

Charles I

1600-1649; King of England 1625-1649; numerous conflicts with Parliament; fought wars with France, Spain, and Scotland; eventually provoked Civil War, convicted of treason, and beheaded

Ship Money

an impost levied in England to provide money for ships for national defense

Petition of Right

Document prepared by Parliament and signed by King Charles I of England in 1628; challenged the idea of the divine right of kings and declared that even the monarch was subject to the laws of the land

Triennial Act

An Act of Parliament reluctantly agreed to by Charles I (who said it reduced his sovereign powers) which stated that there had to be a parliament of at least 50 days duration every three years.

writ of habeas corpus

A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody.

Long Parliament

Parliament convened by Charles I in 1640; lasted on and off for 20 years due to religious and civil problems; passed laws that limited power of monarchy

New Model Army

The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war.

Pride's Purge

elements of New Model Army removed all non-Puritans and Presbyterians form Parliament leaving Rump parliament

Rump Parliament

The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.

Act of Settlement

1701 law by Parliament stating that should William III die heirless, Mary's Protestant sister, Anne, would take the throne, thereby protecting Protestant rule in England.

interregnum

interval between reigns; gap in continuity

Test Act

An act forbidding anyone except members of the Church of England from holding political office or entering the professions

Whigs

conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster

Tories

A member of a British political party, founded in 1689, that was the opposition party to the Whigs and has been known as the Conservative Party since about 1832. Loyalist

James II

Final Stuart ruler; he was forced to abdicate in favor of William and Mary, who agreed to the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing parliamentary supremacy.

English Bill of Rights

King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.

Robert Walpole

Prime minister of Great Britain in the first half of the 1700s. His position towards the colonies was salutary neglect.

South Sea Bubble

sold shares but then went bankrupt, Walpole made Parliament give the investors their money back, created trust for the English economy

William Pitt

The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war.