Memory

3 steps of remembering

3 steps of remembering

1. Encoding

2. Storing

3. Retrieval

sensory memory

awareness of whats going on around us, for a split second

iconic memory

allows us to see flow of motion

echoic memory

sensory memory for what you hear

short term memory

memory thats finite in its duration (5-9 items)

chunking

a way of organizing info so you can remember more w/ short term memory

long term memory

memory that lasts forever, and is essentially infinate

parallel processing

remembering things acociated with one another

serial processing

remembering different aspects of something, one after another, instead of all at once

automatic encoding

effortful encoding

not automatic learning, you have to put effort into it

mnemonic strategies

techniques to remembering

-herman ebbinghaus

-maintanence rehersal

the spacing effect

tendency for us to remember better when we give the brain time to process

the serial position effect

how the position of something inpacts our remeberance of it

primary effect

the tendency to remember the first piece of information we encounter better than information presented later on

3 levels of processing

1. visual encoding (ok)

2. acoustic encoding (better)

3. semantic encoding (best)

network theory

when we think of seamingly disconnected memories that eventually lead to one another

nodes

the individual memories

hierarchies

a clear ordering of things

the self-referance effect

you remeber things better when they are personally relavent

elaborative rehersal

is useful in transferring information into long-term memory

associations

linking something new to something you already know

methods of loci

strategies for memory enhancement that uses visualizations (what we did in class)

explicit declarative info

can express what it is you have remembered

semantic info

knowing particular facts

eposotic info

memory of out own experiances

implicit non-declarative info

things we know about but cant articulate it

procedural info

how we do stuff

long-term potentiation

the more often you think of it, the better effect it will have

hippocampus

used to organize and retrieve memories

frontal + temporal lobes

where memories are started

sleep

allows our brain downtime to organize the days memories

the amigdala

responsible for intense emotional experiances

the basal ganglia

initiates voluntary movement

the cerebellum

memories of how to do things are located here

relearning

ability to learn more quickly the 2nd time around

recall

when you produce/ generate info (you have to come up w answer)

recognition

identifying memories

context dependant memory

more likely to remember things in a similar environment of where you thought of it

mood congruent memory

more likely to recall memories that are consistent with the mood you are in

priming

designed to make you pre-disposed to something you have already encountered

inadequate retrival cues

thinks being unremarkable

retrograde amnesia

unable to retreive declarative info (name, age)

anterograde amnesia

cant move memories from short term to long term

retroactive interferance

new info disrupts all old info

proactive interferance

old info blocks memory of new info

decay

if you dont use mems/info, you lose it

repression

in order to avaoid things, you surpress the memory subcontiously

the misinformation effect

tendency to remember things incorrectly to fill in blanks

reconsolidation

references to a memory being less accurate that previous

elizabeth loftus

-focused on flawed memories

-people believe things that are wrong but believe they are true

flashbulb memory

perminant detailed memory, has to be emotianally meaningful

eidetic memory

extreamly detailed, visual memory in children