Bio 102 Exam 4- Fungi

“opistho”

behind or posterior

“konta”

flagella

Opisthokonts

1. unicellular/multicellular

2. heterotrophs

3. found in aquatic and terrestrial environments

what is fungus"?

• eukaryotic

• most are sessile (non-motile)

• chitin in cell walls

• reproduce asexually/sexually; disperse by spores

absorptive heterotrophy

secreted enzymes break down organic material absorbed into cell

filamentous

thallus (body) composed of filaments

hyphae

highly branched multicellular filaments

mycelium

network of branching hyphae that forms the body of fungus

septa

hyphae walls

coenocytic

multinucleate

what is yeast?

single-celled, free living fungi

what type of “trophs” are fungi?

saprotrophs (decomposers)

mutualism

increased fitness for both partners (+/+)

mycorrhizae

fungal partners with plants (+/+)

commensalism

fitness benefit to one partner/neutral for other (+/0)

parasitism

beneficial to one partner, negative for other (+/-)

basement membrane

thin sheets of extracellular matrix (ECM) that surround most animal tissues

epithelium

continuous sheet of cells connected to each other cell junctions

skeleton

solid/fluid system that allows muscles to be stretched but their original length following a contraction

antagonistic muscles

make repeated movement possible

hydrostatic skeletons

fluid filled cavity that’s surrounded by flexible membrane

What are the 4 variations in symmetry

1. asymmetry

2. radial symmetry

3. bilateral symmetry

4. rotational symmetry

nuerons

allow for sensing, communication, movement, etc.

opsins

shared evolutionary history

• when activated by light they trigger a series of chemical reactions that stimulate photoreceptor

crystallins

evolution of lens was key to evolution of image forming eye

diploblastic animals

• endoderm

• ectoderm

triploblastic animals

• endoderm

• mesoderm

• ectoderm

protostomes

“mouth early”

deuterostomes

“mouth second”

Porifera

• “pore-bearing”

• lacks tissues and organs

choanocyte

generate water current and filters food particles

amoebocyte

delivers nutrients to cells + differentiates into other cell types

oocyte

egg cell

Mollusca

gastropods and cephalopods

3 major body components of mollusks

1. mantle: covers visceral mass; secretes shell

2. visceral mass: contains organs of digestion, excretion, reproduction

3. muscular foot: used in locomotion

arthropods

• largest/most diverse phylum of animals

• segmented body

• exoskeleton made of chitin

what are some of the adaptations of insects on land

1. desiccation resistant eggs (special egg shell)

2. gases exchanged through small pores (spiracles)

3. evolution of wings