Chapter 14 Pathologic Conditions

severe combined immunodeficiency disease SCID

affected infants are born with a deficiency of B and T cells, resulting in a lack of immunity

small thymus

lack protection against infection

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems 

Kaposi sarcoma 

cancer arising from lining cells of capillaries that produces dark-purplish skin nodules)

lymphoma 

cancer of lymph nodes 

wasting syndrome

weight loss and decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity

may occur with AIDS

HIV-positive 

persons exposed to HIV and now have antibodies in blood against this virus 

reverse transcriptase RT

HIV viral enzyme

reverse transcriptase inhibitors RTIs

zidovudine and lamivudine (Epivir)

protease inhibitors

inhibit another viral enzyme protease

HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy

combinations of protease inhibitors, entry inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors

allergy 

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen 

allergic reactions occur

when a sensitized person who has before been exposed to an allergen reacts violently to a subsequent exposure

allergic rhinitis

hay fever

systemic anaphylaxis

extraordinary hypersensitivity reaction

fall in blood pressure, shock, respiratory distress, edema of larynx

types of allergies 

asthma 

hives

atopic dermatitis 

atopy

allergic state arising from an inherited predisposition

lymphoma 

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue 

Hodgkin lymphoma

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes

lymphadenopathy- lymph nodes enlarge

Reed-Sternberg cell in lymph nodes

non-Hodgkin lymphoma 

follicular lymphoma- collections of small lymphocytes in a follicle or nodule arrangement 

large cell lymphoma- large lymphocytes infiltrate nodes and tissues diffusely 

multiple myeloma 

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells 

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

disorder of malignant B cells

B cells produce large quantities of IgM

thymoma

tumor of thymus gland