abeka biology 10 section 10.3

gl

arterioles

branch into myriads of microscopic capillaries

arteries

thick-walled blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart

veins

bring blood back to the heart

capillaries

microscopic blood vessel, linking an artery and vein, in which the exchanges between body cells and blood take place

atherosclerosis

form of arteriosclerosis in which a buildup of plaque and scar tissue narrow the inside of an artery

arteriosclerosis

“hardening of the arteries”

plaque

makes the linings of the arteries rough

systemic circulation

the movement of the blood through all parts of the body except the lungs

1. coronary

2. portal

3. renal

fill in the blank

systemic circulation includes three special branches: ________ circulation, _________ circulation, and _______ circulation

coronary circulation

the flow of blood to the heart muscle through the coronary arteries and back to the right atrium

portal circulation

portion of systemic circulation in which blood moves from the digestive organs and spleen to the liver

renal circulation

movement of blood through the kidneys

renal vein

returns blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

pulmonary circulation

the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs

pulmonary

fill in the blank

the word ___________ refers to the lungs

blood pressure

the force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels

systolic blood pressure

blood pressure when it is highest when the ventricles are contracting

diastolic blood pressure

blood pressure when it is lowest when the heart is resting between beats

liver

one of the largest and most versatile organs in the body; chemical factory of the body

lobes

fill in the blank

the liver consists of two _______

lobules

functional units of the liver; each lobe is composed of these

kupffer cells

special cells that snatch bacteria out of the bloodstream and destroy them

viral hepatitis

liver infection that can be acquired by skin contact, contaminated food, blood transfusions, and intravenous drug use

cirrhosis

what alcohol abuse can cause; the buildup of fatty deposits and fibrous tissue in the liver

millimeters of mercury

fill in the blank

blood pressure is measured in units of __________ ___ __________

120/80

what is the normal upper limit of systolic/diastolic blood pressure?

hypertension

condition in which resting blood pressure exceeds either 140 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic; also called high blood pressure

pulse

rhythmic blood-pressure changes in the arteries as the heart beats

• carotid artery

• radial artery

• temple

where are some of the easiest places to feel your pulse?

cardiovascular disease

fill in the blank

the leading cause of death among americans is ______________ _________

obesity

a problem because excess weight puts a great stress on the heart

smoking

another factor that contributes to CVD

nicotine

fill in the blank

cigarette smoke contains ________, which causes the arteries to constrict and elevate the blood pressure, making the heart work harder