Genetic Code and Translation

Flashcards covering key concepts of genetic code and translation processes, including protein structure, tRNA, ribosomes, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation.

The genetic code is __.

Universal, triplet code, degenerate, with start and stop codons.

The general structure of an α-amino acid includes an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an __ group.

R group.

In the ribosome, the A site is where __ enters.

Aminoacyl-tRNA.

The bond that forms between two amino acids in a protein chain is called a __ bond.

Peptide bond.

__ is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated to form a polypeptide chain.

Translation.

In eukaryotes, mRNA is produced in the and then transported to the for translation.

Nucleus; cytoplasm.

There are __ possible reading frames for a coding sequence.

Three.

In bacteria, the start codon is typically __.

AUG.

tRNA carries __ to the ribosome during translation.

Amino acids.

The role of the polyA tail in eukaryotic translation initiation is to enhance __.

mRNA stability and translation efficiency.

The characteristics of the genetic code include that it is and .

Triplet and degenerate.

Initiation of translation in eukaryotes involves the formation of the __ complex.

Pre-initiation.

E. coli can be used to express eukaryotic proteins due to its __ properties.

Prokaryotic.

Each tRNA molecule has a specific __ that pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Anticodon.

A coding sequence has multiple reading frames but only __ is used.

One.