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COVID-19

Also known as SARS-CoV-2, it is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019.

SARS-CoV-1

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, the first coronavirus identified in humans.

MERS

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, associated with outbreaks starting in 2014.

Transmission Rate

An infected person with COVID-19 is estimated to infect 2 to 2.5 others.

Asymptomatic

Individuals who do not show symptoms despite being infected.

Viral Shedding

Release of virus from infected individuals, potentially before symptoms appear.

Immunocompromised

Individuals with weakened immune systems, at higher risk of severe outcomes.

Long COVID Symptoms

Symptoms that can persist for weeks to months after initial COVID infection, including chronic pain and fatigue.

Cytokines

Proteins involved in cell signaling during immune responses, increased in COVID-19 infections.

Phagocytosis

The process by which cells such as neutrophils and macrophages engulf and digest pathogens.

D-dimer

A fibrin degradation product, increased levels may indicate excessive clotting.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A severe lung condition that can occur with COVID-19, requiring intensive medical support.

Diagnostic Testing

Used to identify people currently infected with the virus.

Serological Testing

Tests that detect antibodies and history of infection.

Dengue Virus

A mosquito-borne viral infection, endemic in tropical and subtropical regions.

TORCH Panel

An acronym for a group of infections to screen pregnant women for potential harm to the fetus.

Toxoplasmosis

An infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, relevant in pregnant women.

Rubella

Also known as German measles, a contagious viral infection preventable by vaccination.

Congenital Infection

An infection that is transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

A virus associated with cold sores and genital herpes, can cause severe outcomes in newborns.