u9 evolution noncorrupted (fml)

what ev supports evolution

comparative anatomy, bio/molecule ev, embryology, vestigials, fossils

what are homologus structures and what creates them

same structures, different functions bc divergent evolution

what are analoguous strugeus and what creates them

same purpose, different structures due to convergent evolution

what biochem/molecular ev supports evolution

Amino acid graph with aa differences on the y and time on the x: closer to origin = closely related.

What is embryology and how does it support evolution

study of eraly dev and embryos of all vertebrates (all similar)

what are vestigials

organs that dont serve a purpose

what is comparative anatomy

adding and substracting from the same original structures

when does evolution occur

natural selection, nonrandom mating, small population, new individuals, mutations

What is fitness

who survives with the most offspring

What is allopatric evolution

stop mating and specitiation thru geographic isolation

What is sympatric isolation

nongeographic and prezygtotic or postzygotic evolution

what are examples of prezygotic sympatric evolution

habitat differences, temporal (seasons mating), behavioral (bird song), mechanical (parts), gamete (dont fuse)

what are examples of postzygotic sympatric evolution

zygote mortality, hybrid sterility, f2 fitness

what is adaoptive radiation

mayn species form from one common ancestor dueto newly formed habitats or mass extinction (ex. galapogos finches)

what are the components and reasons for sexual selection

male competition and female choice based off visual and behavioral male characteristics

sexy sons: females want sexy sns

good genes: good males have good genes, females want sons w good genes

What is directional phenotype evolution

selection favors extreme phenotype = bell curve moves to that phenotype over time

What is stabilizing phenotype evolution

sleeciton favors the middle = phenotype range narrows ion the bell curve

What is disruptive phenotype evolution

selection favors both extremes = gap in teh middle of the phenotype bell curve

What is phylogeny

the study of evolutionary releationshipss

what is a phylogenetic tree

shows ancestry of people.

what is a cladogram

relationships by having or not having traits (derived characters):

to the left doesnt have the trai, to the right does. the nodes are the last common ancestor.

what is the result of sexual selection

sexual dimorphism: male and female differences because of natural selection

what is genetic drift generally: what does it cause

genetic luck: organisms get killed off or separated from the general population for reasons uother than fitness

causes bottleneck and founder effect.

what is genetic bottlenecking

variation of a gene pool goes down due to external factors (luck - genetic drift)

ex: tigers FIV resistance: genes of survivors become more common and thus the genes of the entire population become narrower

what is the founder effect

variation of a gene pool changes due to external factors (luck - genetic drift)

small group separates from the larger population and founds their own population resulting in their own genetic differences becoming exaggerated over time (ex: PA amish)

what is gene pool

when a new population comes and mates with the old poplation which adds variation to the gene pool

what is a mutation and its effects

a new allele comes due to a copy error adding to genetic variation

can have positive, negative or neutral effect

what is artificial selection

breeding and domestication narrows the gene pool of a popuation over time

What are preadaptations

evolution only works with what’s there and some organisms are preadapted to change over time eg dinos having feathers before flying

what is macroevolution

big changes over time result in a new species (what we think of when we think of evolution)

what is microevolution

small changes happening: 1 population and no speciation immediately following the changes.

What is classification

putting organisms into cagtegories

What do we use to classify organisms (not the acronym, just generally)

morphology (internal anatomy and fossil ev), cellular structure (uni with more diversity vs multi cellular), biochem/molecular (amino acids, DNA, protein info)

what is the acronym and classification sequence of organisms

deranged k people can often find good s

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

what are the weird italix species names actually saying

(genus) (species)

(homo) (sapien)

what are the 3 different domains (details in diff cards)

domain 1 = archae and extremophiles

domain 2 - prokaryotes/eubacteria (regular)

domain 3 - eukaryotes

what are archae and extremophiles

domain 1: prokaryotes that live in really weird places (eg. low ph, salt, hot springs) = have special ribosmal and cell wall sequences to survive

what are prokaryotes / eubacteria

regular prokaryotes and domain 2

requirements for nat selection (!!!!)

variation in a trait, genetic in nature (heritable), competition for survival (more produced than can survive), survival of the fittest.

very h cats frolic

what are the 4 different kingdoms (details in separate slide)

protist, fungi, plants, animals

what are protists, are the uni/multicellular, are they auto or hetero, do they have cell walls

junk drawer

they are uni and multi, auto and hetero, sometimes have cell walls (they are for everything misc)

what are fungi, are the uni/multicellular, are they auto or hetero, do they have cell walls

uni and multi cellular (it depends), heterotrophs (eat others for energy), cell wall (made out of chitin)

what are plants are the uni/multicellular, are they auto or hetero, do they have cell walls

multicellular, autotrophs (photoysnthesis), cell wall (cellulose)

what are animals, are the uni/multicellular, are they auto or hetero, do they have cell walls

multicellular, heterotrophs (eat others), no cell wall