Ch 6-Cellular Respiration (Online) (1)

What is the primary source of energy in almost all ecosystems?

Energy ultimately comes from the sun.

What process converts sunlight into chemical energy?

Photosynthesis.

Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell?

In the mitochondria of almost all eukaryotes.

How do organisms obtain oxygen for cellular respiration?

Through breathing.

What is ATP primarily used for in the body?

As an energy currency to power cellular processes.

What does glycolysis produce from one molecule of glucose?

Two molecules of pyruvate.

What is the main purpose of the citric acid cycle?

To complete the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide.

What type of reaction occurs when glucose releases electrons to oxygen?

A redox reaction.

What is produced in glycolysis besides pyruvate?

NADH and a net gain of ATP.

What ratio indicates the amount of energy derived from glucose?

2 ATP from glycolysis, 32-38 total from cellular respiration.

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

The transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP to form ATP.

What are the final products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide and water.

What molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Oxygen.

How much ATP is produced in oxidative phosphorylation?

90% of the ATP generated in cellular respiration.

What type of fermentation occurs in muscle cells during anaerobic conditions?

Lactic acid fermentation.

What is the result of alcoholic fermentation?

Conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethanol.

What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

ATP.

What are prokaryotes that are poisoned by oxygen called?

Obligate anaerobes.

What organic molecules can be used by cells for energy?

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

What is created when electrons are transferred in the electron transport chain?

A concentration gradient of hydrogen ions.

What type of reaction do NADH and FADH2 participate in during cellular respiration?

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions.

What molecule is produced during the citric acid cycle?

NADH, FADH2, Carbon dioxide, and ATP.

What is the first stage of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis.

What serves as the energy reservoir in cells?

ATP.

How is ATP regenerated in cellular respiration?

By oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation.

What happens to lactate produced in lactic acid fermentation?

It can be converted back to pyruvate when oxygen becomes available.

What must be recycled for glycolysis to continue?

NAD+.

What is the end product of glycolysis?

Pyruvate.

How does the body produce ATP during strenuous exercise?

Through lactic acid fermentation.

How do yeasts obtain energy in anaerobic conditions?

Through alcoholic fermentation.

What causes the bubbles in beer production?

Carbon dioxide produced during alcoholic fermentation.

What type of energy does cellular respiration convert glucose energy into?

Potential energy stored in ATP.