AP Gov Court Cases 1-18

Marbury v. Madison

Case in which the Supreme Court first asserted the power of judicial review by finding that part of the congressional statute extending the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court ruling that upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the Constitution's supremacy clause. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Supreme Court ruling that upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites; the Court found that separate-but-equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Schenck v. U.S.

Supreme Court ruling that upheld the federal Espionage Act, which outlawed resistance against the draft or distributing anti-war leaflets, saying they presented a "clear and present danger" to the conduct of war.

Gitlow v. New York

Does the First Amendment apply to the states? Yes, by virtue of the liberty protected by due process that no state shall deny (14th Amendment) A state may forbid both speech and publication if they have a tendency to result in action dangerous to public security

Korematsu v. U.S.

Supreme Court ruling that upheld the authority of the U.S. government to require mass interment of people of Japanese ancestry in the United States during World War II.

Brown v. Board of Education

U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection of the law.

Mapp v. Ohio

Court ruling that made the "fruits" of all searches conducted illegally inadmissible in court.

Engel v. Vitale

Court case in which the recitation of a brief, nondenominational prayer drafted by the school board was unconstitutional because it violated the First Amendment's religious establishment clause.

Baker v. Carr

Supreme Court case ruling that issues presented by redistricting are within its jurisdiction to review.

Abbington v. Schempp

Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of establishment clause and due process clause Public schools cannot require students to participate in classroom religious exercises because this violates the religious freedom of students protected in the 1st and 14th Amendments.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Unanimous Supreme Court decision that criminal defendants who cannot afford an attorney are guaranteed one by the Sixth Amendment.

Wesberry v. Sanders

Ordered House districts to be as near equal in population as possible Georgia's congressional districts violated the 14th Amendment and deprived citizens the full benefit of their right to vote

New York Times v. Sullivan

1st Amendment protects publication of all statements, even false ones, except when statements are made with actual malice (intention to do evil)

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S.

Did Congress, by passing Title II, exceed its Commerce Powers by depriving hotels of the right to choose their own customers? No, Civil Rights Act of 1964 clearly stated places like hotels have no right selecting guests as they see fit

Griswold v. Connecticut

Established right of privacy through 4th and 9th Amendments Set a precedent for Roe v. Wade Connecticut statute conflicts with the exercise to right of privacy and is therefore null and void

Miranda v. Arizona

Landmark Supreme Court ruling holding that the Fifth Amendment requires individuals arrested for a crime to be advised of their right to remain silent and to have counsel present.