URINARY, RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE

Bile salt that will be uses to digest lipids is released into which of the following organs?

Small intestine

Sublingual gland

This major salivary gland composed mostly of what mucous gland?

Low columnar epithelial cells

The secretory unit of the pancreas is made up of which type of tissue of cell?

Microvilli

Which modification can be found on the surface of the hepatocytes?

Kupffer cells

Macrophages found in the sinusoids of the liver.

Submucosa

Which layer is not present in the walls of gallbladder?.

A & C (Mucosa and Muscularis externa)

Muscle tissues are components of which histologic layers of the walls of digestive tract?

Parietal cell

In the glands of stomach, which cells produces the substance that will convert pepsinogen into

pepsin?

Enterocytes forming tight junction

All components except enterocytes forming tight junctions.

Tongue

This organ is involved in mastication, deglutition and speech?

Smooth muscle

The muscularis externa of the lower third section of the esophagus is made up of?

Stomach

Organ/segment that converts food into chyme, an acidic semifluid mixture.

The contraction of muscularis externa

In the intestine, the mechanical action of digestion is performed by?

Simple columnar epithelium

The mucosa of most of the large intestine is lined by which type of epithelium?

Epithelial tissue

Intestinal glands or crypts of Lieberkühn belongs to which type of tissue?

All of the above (horizontal folds, villi, microvilli)

Which strictures enhances the absorptive capabilities of the small intestines?

Bulk of tongue

Made up of skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle

In oral cavity, muscularis externa is only present in lips and cheeks. This muscularis externa is made

up of?

Brunner's glands

Secretes alkaline mucus to neutralize the acidity of chyme.

Tounge

The chemical digestion of food starts in?

Urinary bladder

Organ that temporarily stores urine until micturition.

Skeletal muscle

The muscularis layer that surrounds the membranous segment of the male urethra is made up of?

• none of the above (maintenance of acid-base balance, excretion waste products, production of several

hormones)

All of the following are functions of the kidneys, except?

Cortex of kidney

Region that contains the glomeruli.

• A & C (proximal convoluted tubule and descending loop of henle)

The simple cuboidal epithelial cells of this renal tubule have microvilli?

Simple squamous epithelial cells

The parietal layer of the bowman's capsule is made up of?

None of the following: glomerulus, efferent arteriole, afferent arteriole, veins of the intestine.

Which of the following is a portal vein?

Vasa recta

One of the functions of kidneys is tubular reabsorption. The substance reabsorbed by the loop of henle in the medulla is directly collected by which blood vessel?

Connective tissue

Erythropoietin is a hormone that regulates the production of RBCs, this hormone is produces in the

kidney by what type of tissue?

Transitional epithelium

Most of the mucosa of the female urethra is lined by this epithelium.

Podocytes

Epithelial cells.

1 & 4 (smooth muscles in the tunica media of afferent arterioles, responsible for the production of

renin)

Juxta glomerular cells are

Epithelial cells in the walls of distal convoluted tubules

Cells of macula densa are?

Distal convoluted tubule

The wall of this renal tubule does not have brush cells.

Endothelial cells and podocytes.

Glomeruli filtration barrier is made up of?

Efferent artery

A portal artery.

Transitional epithelium

The epithelial cells that line the lumen of renal pelvis are?

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney.

Negative charge

The filtration slit formed by the foot processes of the podocytes has what charge?

None of the above (renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder)

Which of the following does not have lamina propria?

None of the above (loop of henle, papillary duct, collective duct, renal pyramid)

The following structures are found in the medulla of the kidney?

Enteric division

Submucosa and myenteric plexuses belong to which division of autonomic nervous system?

Diaphragm

Responsible for the expansion and contraction of lungs.

Olfactory cells

Bipolar neurons

Bronchiole

Does not have cartilage

Hyaline cartilage

The cartilage found in trachea belongs to this type

Trachea

Skeletal muscles are found in this organs, except?

None of the above (larynx, lungs, nasopharynx)

All of the following are organs/segments of respiratory tract, except?

Keratinized SSQ

The vestibule of the nose is lined by which type of epithelium?

Brush cells

Which of the following respiratory epithelium cell with microvilli and is associated with afferent nerve endings?

Clara cells

Surface-active lipoprotein which maintains the permanent open lumen of the bronchiole is produced

by?

Collapse of the wall of alveolus due to decreased lung surfactant

Dysfunctional pneumonocyte type 2 would directly result to?

Bronchial artery

The blood vessel that delivers oxygenated blood in the lungs is called?

Smooth muscles of capillaries

Which of the following is not a component of blood-air-barrier?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Respiratory and olfactory epithelium belong to which type of epithelium?

Dust cells

The phagocyte in the alveolus that has cytoplasmic vacuoles containing dust particles is called?

Larynx

Which of the following segments of respiratory tract is responsible for the productions of sound or voice utilized in speaking and singing?

(Both) Respiratory bronchiole and Alveolar duct

Entry points for alveoli and alveolar sacs can be found in the walls of which air rube in the lungs?

Mesothelial cells of the pleura

The serous fluid in the pleura is produced by?

Mucus that may trap dirt from the inhaled air

Goblet cells in the respiratory epithelium are responsible for the production of?

Respiratory epithelium

The mucosa of trachea is lined by?

Bronchioles

Clara cells are seen in which of the following structures of the lungs?

Nasopharynx

Respiratory epithelium is the main epithelium in which segment of the pharynx?

Oropharynx

All of the following organs/segments are components of respiratory except:

Spindle shaped smooth muscles with cillia

Olfactory cells are:

Hilus

The triangular structure in the mediastinal surface of the lung and where the root of the lung enters is called:

Pneumonocyte type 2

The substance that maintains the permanent open of lumen of the bronchiole is produced by?

Pulmonary artery

The blood vessel that delivers blood for oxygenation in the lung is called?

Spleen

All of the following are accessory glands of the digestive system, except:

Microvilli

Which modification can be found on the surface of the hepatocytes?

Respiratory epithelium

Nasopharynx is lined by:

Paranasal sinuses

• Make the face lighter

• Serve as resonating chambers for speec

Pharynx

Funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube

Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottic

Unpaired cartilages

Corniculate, Cuneiform, Arytenoid

Paired cartilages

Extrinsic muscles

Connect larynx to the surrounding structures

Intrinsic muscles

Originate and insert in larynx; open and close the rima of glottis and regulate the tension of the vocal cords

Trachea

Permanently patent tube

Bronchi

Succeeding branches have less cartilage, lower epithelium,

fewer goblet cells

Bronchioles

• No cartilage

• Have clara cells

Terminal bronchioles

Last segment of the conducting portion of the

respiratory system

Pulmonary arteries

• Brings blood for oxygenation

• Oxygenated blood is carried by pulmonary veins back to the heart

Bronchial arteries

• Arises from aorta

• Carry oxygenated blood that supplies the bronchial tree

Esophagus, Stomach, and Intestines

Organs that have the muscularis externa with interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) - pacemakers for the contraction

Intestitial cells of Cajal (ICC)

Pacemakers for the contraction

Muscularis externa

• Responsible for the mechanical digestion of food

• Mixes, squeezes, and propels food through the digestive tract

Inner layer

Circularly oriented