APES Unit 1 TEST

symbiosis

Any close and long-term interaction between two organisms of different species

mutualism

Relationship that benefits both organisms

commensalism

relationship that benefits one organism but doesn’t affect the other

parasitism

Relationship where one organism is a host that is harmed and the other benefits

resource partitioning

Different species using same resources in different ways to reduce competition

temporal partitioning

Using resources at different times

spatial partitioning

Using different areas of a shared habitat

morphological partitioning

Using different resources based off different evolved body features

South America

Greatest biodiversity and greatest loss of biodiversity

what do temperature & precipitation affect?

productivity (the number and diversity of primary producers = plants) and soil formation

Lakes are…

The biggest freshwater source (drinking water)

Intertidal zones

Narrowband of coastline between high and low tide, organisms must survive crashing waves

coral reefs

mutualistic relationship, coral take CO2 and provide it to the algae, algae gets a home and coral gets energy

Open ocean

Phytoplankton produce a lot of earths O2 and absorb CO2 in photic zone

what does human extraction of fossil fuels do?

Brings carbon to earth surface where it can combusted

what does carbon cycle between?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration in living things

what is photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis takes in CO2 and is a sink while cellular respiration adds CO2 and is a source

what is a carbon sink?

A reservoir that takes in more carbon than it releases

what is the carbon source?

Reservoir that releases more carbon than it takes

what is nitrogen fixation?

The process in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a form of nitrogen (primarily ammonia) that is available for uptake by plants and that can be synthesized into plant tissue

what is the major reservoir of nitrogen?

The atmosphere

is there an atmosphere component to the phosphorus cycle?

No phosphorus is never a gas in the air

where does phosphorus spend a long time?

In rocks and sediments

NPP=?

NPP=GPP-RL

Primary productivity

Rate that solar energy is being converted to organic compounds via photosynthesis over a unit of time

high PP

High Plant growth = lots of food and shelter for animals

water availability higher temp, and nutrient availability are all factors that lead to…?

NPP, A shortage of any of these factors will lead to decreased NPP

net primary productivity

The amount of energy left over for consumers after plants have used some for respiration

respiration loss

Plants use up some of the energy they generate via photosynthesis by doing cell respiration

Gross primary productivity

The total amount of energy that plants capture and convert to energy through photosynthesis

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy is never created or destroyed

what is the second law of thermodynamics?

Each time energy is transferred some of it is lost as heat

what is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

A food chain shows just one path of energy while a food web shows that everything is connected

Keystone species

A species that if removed would cause the ecosystem to be dramatically different

trophic cascade

Removal or addition of a top predator has a ripple effect down through lower trophic levels