As a crime control theory, what does general deterrence rely on?
fear of criminal penalties
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2
Antisocial behavior leading to crime that arises from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or conduct disorder (CD) would be primarily considered a __________.
neurological factor
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3
Which of the following would be considered a biochemical factor that could influence criminality in an individual?
high amounts of PCB in drinking water
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4
Social structure theories equate crime with which of the following?
poverty
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5
What is the relation of psychodynamic theory to crime?
Problems during early development cause imbalances in personality leading to deviant behavior
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6
What is the fundamental basis for the direct genetic view of crime?
Hereditary traits are linked to criminality
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7
How can individuals reduce active precipitation?
avoid wearing expensive jewelry in a crime-ridden neighborhood
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8
Which of the following can cause strain resulting in economic criminal behavior?
inability of an individual to achieve financial security
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9
What do the biochemical, neurological, and genetic views on crime causation all share?
a belief that criminal behavior is comprised of biological and sociological elements
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10
Individuals who experience an ongoing pattern of uncooperative, defiant, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that seriously interferes with day-to-day functioning are considered to have what type of disorder?
oppositional defiant disorder
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11
Collective efficacy is exemplified by __________.
cohesion among neighborhood residents
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12
What is an adolescent-limited offender?
kids who get into minor scrapes as youths but whose misbehavior ends when they enter adulthood
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13
How is poverty defined today?
a family of four with earnings of about $28,000 a year
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14
What is the basic premise of trajectory theory?
crime is complex, and not all individuals share the same path towards criminality
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15
What makes rational criminals?
they weigh the potential benefits and consequences of their actions
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16
Which behavior is usually observed in those with an antisocial personality?
reckless disregard for the safety of self or others
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17
In what way is situational crime prevention meant to control rational criminal activity?
Situational crime prevention aims to deter crime by raising the risks of the offender being caught
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18
Which if the following is a strength of the view that genetic factors influence criminality?
it explains why a small percentage of youths in high-crime areas become chronic offenders
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19
Which of the following persons would fit the mold for the general theory of crime?
an individual with limited self-control
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20
What forms the basis for social learning theories?
Behaviors that lead to criminality are acquired through observation of human social interactions
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21
Which of the following does routine activities theory hold as necessary for crime to occur?
lack of an effective policing deterrent
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22
What provides support for critical theory?
Evidence shows that as people become economically marginalized in a society, they will turn to violent crime for survival
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23
What is the central premise of critical criminology?
Social inequality has a noticeable effect on encouraging crime
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24
Why does the culture of poverty have a degree of permanence?
it allows for the creation of a perpetuating underclass
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25
What is state-organized crime?
criminal acts committed by state officials in pursuit of their jobs as government representatives
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Flashcard (31)