Oral Mucosa

         Oral Cavity is lined with three types of ______epthelium

stratified squamous

-   ______: soft, pliable, non-keratinized

o  

o  

o  

o  

o  

Lining Mucosa

Floor of mouth

Cheeks

Lips

Soft Palate

Alveolar mucosa

-   _______: keratinized

o  

o  

Masticatory Mucosa

Hard palate

Alveolar ridges (Gingiva)

-   _____ : cornified epithelial papillae

o  

Specialized Mucosa

Surface of the tongue

Structure of Oral Mucosa

-   Several features are common to epithelium elsewhere in the body

o _______  – connective tissue underlying epithelium

§  ______ – CT extends into epithelial folds

§  _______ – contains vessels and nerves

Lamina propria

Papillary layer

Deeper reticular layer

Structure of Lining Mucosa – _______

-   Thin ____ layer and underlying _____(dermis)

non-keratinizeds

epithelial,CT lamina propria

Structure of Lining Mucosa – non-keratinizeds
______ – basal layer of cuboidal cells

Stratum basale

Structure of Lining Mucosa – non-keratinizeds

- ______  – flattened or oval cells

Stratum spinosum (intermedium)

Structure of Lining Mucosa – non-keratinizeds

- ______  – flattened cells with small, oval nuclei

Stratum superficiale

Structure of Lip Mucosa

o   Composed of _______epithelium

non-keratinized stratified squamous

Structure of Lip Mucosa

o   Lamina propria contains round seromucous minor _____

salivary glands

Structure of Lip Mucosa

o   Submucosa contains fibers of ______

orbicularis oris muscle

Structure of Lip Mucosa

o  

§  Junction of _____and ____ (keratinized mucosa)

Vermillion border

oral mucosa,skin of the lips

Structure of Lip Mucosa

o   Skin of the lips contains ____with associated sebaceous glands,_____ , and ____

hair follicles

erector pili muscles

sweat glands

Structure of Lip Mucosa

o   Unassociated with hair follicles are some sebaceous glands found at the angles of the ____(and on the ___)

mouth,cheeks

Structure of Lip Mucosa

-____: sebaceous glands found at angles of the mouth and not associated with any hair follicles

Fordyce granules

-   Structure of ____ Mucosa

o   Highly vascularized ____

o   Submucosa contains muscles of the ___and __

Soft Palate

lamina propria

soft palate,mucous glands

-   Structure of the Cheek Mucosa

o   Composed of ____ epithelium

o   Submucosa contains____ and ____ +____ (this feature is unique to the cheeks)

 O Unassociated with hair follicles are some sebaceous glands found at the angles of the mouth (and on the cheeks) 

Termed _____

non-keratinized stratified squamous

fat cells, mixed salivary glands, muscle fibers

Fordyce granules 

-   Structure of the Ventral Surface of the Tongue

o   Composed of ____epithelium

o   Lamina propria is ____ attached to overlying mucous membrane

o   Submucosa which is densely populated with___ and ___

o   Submucosa becomes confluent with the deep muscular layer of the ____

non-keratinized stratified squamous

firmly

muscle,connective tissue fibers

tongue

-   Structure of the Floor of the Mouth

o  _____ covers the floor of the mouth and is _____attached to the underlying lamina propria

o   ____________ glands bilaterally

o   Many____ glands present

Nonkeratinized mucous membrane

loosely

Sublingual

minor salivary

Structure of Masticatory Mucosa

-   _____ epithelial surface makes it ______ than lining mucosa

o   Epithelial cells attached via ___

o   Oral mucosa Desmosomes are ____shaped and termed____

o  _____ (intracellular filaments), attach and reattach as they move upward

Keratinized,thicker

desmosomes

discoid, macula adherens

Tonofibrils

Structure of Masticatory Mucosa

-   _____ (dermis) beneath epithelium

CT lamina propria

Structure of Masticatory Mucosa

-  ______ – basal layer of cuboidal or columnar cells (germinavatum)

o   ____ may be seen in this layer

o   ____ is the membrane separating CT and epithelium

o   Epithelium is attached by _____

Stratum basale

Mitosis

Basal lamina

hemidesomosomes

Structure of Masticatory Mucosa

-   ______ (intermedium) – polygonal or oval cells (prickle cells)

o   Layer contains ____________ granules

Stratum spinosum

keratohyalin

Structure of Masticatory Mucosa

-   ____-3-5 cell layers thick

-prominent ____granules (keratin precursor)

Stratum granulosum

keratohyaline

Structure of Masticatory Mucosa

-   ____– surface layer with thin, flattened cells without nuclei

o   Cells filled with ____ (tough/non-living)

o   Allows this layer to resist ___,___ , and ___

o   Surface is continually sloughing and being____ by cells that rise from the underlying layers

Stratum corneum

keratin

friction,masticatory function,bacteria

replaced

-   Structure of Gingiva

o   Gingiva surrounds the____ of the teeth

o   Extends from the ___ to the ___

necks

gingival crest,mucogingival junction

-   Structure of Gingiva

o   Divided into three zones (free and attached separated by ____)

§  _____encloses tooth and forms gingival sulcus

§  ___ – attached to the neck of the tooth

§  ___ – beneath two adjacent teeth where they contact

free gingival groove

Free gingiva

Attatched gingiva

Interdental gingiva

-   Structure of Gingiva

o   Free and attached gingiva

§  Separated from the alveolar mucosa by the ____

§  Free gingiva is ____, attached gingiva is ____ due to attachment to underlying bone

§  Attached gingiva contains the __________

·  Attaches gingiva to ___ and forms the ___

ogingival junction

smooth,stippled

junctional epithelium

tooth,sulcus

-   Structure of Gingiva

o   Tooth attachment on the cervical enamel via _____attachment

·  Cells have a high turnover ratio (____)

·  Contain many organelles indicating _____

·  If Junctional epithelial attachment is disturbed by infection, irritation, calculus, etc. – will lead to deepening of the ____

hemidesmosomal

once in 6 days

high metabolic activity

sulcus

-   Structure of Gingiva

o   Interdental papilla and col

§  Gingiva extends high under contact area of the tooth as the _____

§  ____ of gingiva follows the crown’s contour

§  Junctional epithelium of this area is termed the __

·  Very____ epithelium

·  Found in a ___ in anterior teeth

·  ____or ______ in the posterior area

·  With inflammation, the col is____ toward the contact point

interdental papilla

Concave zone

col

thin, non-keratinized

peak

Flattened,concave

elevated

-   Structure of the Hard Palate

o   Also covered with _____ epithelium

keratinized stratified squamous

-   Structure of the Hard Palate

o   Midline of hard palate similar to gingiva in ____ in that there is no ___ under the lamina propria

§  Midline known as the __ (incisive papilla anteriorly)

§  Fatty tissue found in ___

§  Posterior lateral hard palate contains minor ____

§  ____ (ridges) found on either side of the raphe

· 

·  Contains _____ – collagen fibers that extend to the palatal bone to anchor overlying tissue during function

lateral palate,submucosa

median palatal raphe

lateral palate

mucous salivary glands

Rugae

Dense lamina propria

traction bands

Structure of Specialized Mucosa

         Types of Papillae (4 types of papillae located on _____ of tongue)

-   Four types of papillae located on anterior ⅔ of the ____ of the tongue

anterior ⅔

dorsum

Structure of Specialized Mucosa

o   ___ – majority of papillae and located on entire roughened tongue surface

§ 

§ ____ and threadlike

§ ___ to ___ mm in height

§  Assist with ___ and ____ of food on the tongue’s surface

Filiform

Keratinized

Slender

2,3

mastication,movement

o ______  – few in number, located near the tip of the tongue

§ 

§  Pink due to numerous ____and _____

§  Mushroom shaped – “___” is longer than the “___”

§  Taste buds may be found on the fungiform’s ____surface

____ surface of the tongue 

Tastebuds on the top

Fungiform

Non-keratinized

blood vessels,thin epithelium

cap,stalk

superior

Above

o  __________ – only 10 – 12 in total, located in a ____ at body/base

§  Largest papillae – ___ in diameter

§  ___with the surface of the tongue

§  Taste buds found in “____” surround circumvallate papillae

§  _____ (serous glands) wash out the trenches for taste

Circumvallate

V-shape

3 mm

Level

trenches

Von Ebner’s glands

o  ____ – found as only 4 – 11 furrows on the posterior lateral tongue

§  Contain taste buds in the ____

§  ____ also empty into the furrows to cleanse “trenches”

Foliate

furrows

Serous glands

Taste Buds

-   Sense organs for the chemical sensing of taste in oral epithelium

-   Most (____) are associated with papillae on the_____ (other taste buds found on the soft palate/epiglottis/larynx/pharynx)

-   Visible via microscopy as ______ structures

70%, tongue

barrel-shaped

Taste Buds

-   Ovoid epithelial cells associated with sensory nerve endings (ant ⅔ from____ , a branch of the ____, post ⅓ from ___, larynx from ____)

-   Cells turn over rapidly , and the buds are composed of ____ taste cells

o   ____ – near basal lamina

o  

§  Five types of taste – ___

o  

chorda tympani,facial nerve,CN IX,X

10-14

Basal cells

Taste cells

sweet salty, sour, bitter, umami

Supporting cells

Nerves and Blood Vessels in Oral Mucosa

-   Found in the _____

o  _____ and ____ found in dermal papillae

o   Plexus of ____ found in the submucosa

o   Supply the nutrient needs of the ____ epithelium

-   ____ and ___________ endings are located in lamina propria’s papillary layer

-   _____ for pain found throughout the epithelium

lamina propria

Nerve endings,loops of vessels

larger vessels

avascular

Touch,temperature

Free nerve endings

Epithelial Nonkeratinocytes

-   Make up ____ of oral mucosal cell population

-   Termed “______”

o   Due to halo seen around their nuclei

10%

clear cells

Epithelial Nonkeratinocytes

-   Langerhans cells - found in the ____

o   Function in processing ____

-an ____-presenting cell

o   Contact _____ to produce a ____ response

-delayed ___(contact dermatitis)

o   Do not exhibit ____ or ____

stratum spinosum

antigens

antigen

bacteria,host

hypersensitivity

desmosomes,tonofibrils

Epithelial Nonkeratinocytes

-   Merkel’s cells – found in ____ of the gingival epithelium

o   Associated with terminal nerve axons (_______ receptors)

o   Visible _____ adjacent to axons

basal layer

touch

secretory granules

Epithelial Nonkeratinocytes

-   Melanocytes – also found in ___ layer of the gingival epithelium

o   Produce _____ granules that are transferred to nearby keratinocytes

o   Also lack ____ and ____

 Functions to protect ____ dna from sun ___ and _____ 

Secrete ____ pigment that is transferred to adjacent  ____

Most pigment located in the ____

basal

melanin

desmosomes,tonofibrils

nuclear,radiation,damage

melanin,keratinocytes

stratum basale

Aging changes in the Oral Mucosa

         Epithelium becomes____ ,____ atrophy causes tissue to be less moist

        ____ decreases and ____ increases

         ____ability is reduced, ____ time is lengthened

         Gingival _____is a common occurrence

thinner,salivary gland

Cellular activity,fibrosis

Repair,healing

recession