Topic 9: Emerging Foodborne Bacteria

how many estimated cases and deaths from foodborne illnesses every year?

48 million cases and 3,000 deaths

what are the top three leading foodborne pathogens?

salmonella, campylobacter and shigella

demographic changes

population size and density is increasing, and an increase in immunocompromised individuals

behavioral changes

ready-to-eat foods, demand for higher variety, demand for international foods, increase in eating food outside the home

true or false: there is no consensus on if organic foods have less disease causing organisms

true

what location do the most foodborne illnesses occur/

restaurants

mass distribution of products can lead to _________.

dispersal outbreaks

how can food shipping demands lead to foodborne illness?

international outbreaks of pathogens from foods

how many different microbials can be used to treat animals?

11

________ increases demand for international foods

immigration

examples of virulence factors

toxins, enzymes, adherence

complacency and food risk

people believe the U.S. food supply is safe and are not willing to spend money or resources to protect it

why is E. coli O157:H7 called enterohemorrhagic?

this strain possesses shiga or shiga-like toxins similar to that found in Shigella

E. coli O157:H7 symptoms

abdominal cramps, bloody stool (dysentery), non-bloody stool, vomiting

which disease can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) if serious?

E. coli O157:H7hem

hemolytic uremic syndrome symptoms

kidney injury, low platelets, anemia, kidney failure, CNS issues

what main factor is the reason for the emergence of E coli O157:H7?

the increase in animal density (crowding and pathogen spread, increased milk and meat consumption)

what caused the implementation of safer food-hadling procedures in the early 1900s?

the recognization that scarlet fever, TB, botulism, etc were transmitted by food and water

which group issued a report in 1999 on 7 practices that adversely affect food safety?

the American Academy of Microbiology

what did President Obama sign in 2011 that was the largest food safety reform in over 20 years?

the U.S. FDA Food Safety Modernization Act

where can food safety info be found?

PulseNet and Food Safety Newsw

what food was the most common cause of illness outbreaks between 2009-2016?

fish

food intoxication/poisoning

ingestion of bacterial toxins with or without the microbe present

food infection

when bacteria multiply in the intestinal tract, secrete an enterotoxin, and may invade cells

enterotoxin

cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and possibly dysentery

cause of botulism

Costridium botulinum, a gramp positive spore forming bacillus found in soil

treatment for botulism

antitoxin and mechanical ventilation

________ is a low dose botulinum neurotoxin

botox

what is the most common kind of food poisoning

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is usually _______

severe

where is Staphylococcus aureus found?

in human nasal passages

what animals are carriers of Salmonella enteritidis

iguanas, turtles, snakes and lizards, crows in their feces

where does typhoid fever occur?

less developed countries

how is salmonella typhi transmitted?

ingesting fecally contaminated food infected by the bacteria, flies and fomites

how does salmonella typhi cause disease?

invades the cells of lining the small intestines, causing ulcers and bloody stools, fever, and possibly delirium

how many foodborne salmonella infections occur each year

1 million

symptoms of shigella

gastroenteritis and dysentery