Unit 8: The New South

Bourbon Triumvirate

*A group of three men (Brown, Colquitt, Gordon), all Redeemers, who served as GA Governor and U.S. Senator.

*They aimed to promote industrial growth in the South while maintaining white supremacy.

Henry Grady

"Spokesman of the New South (and came up with the term!)

*Newspaper editor

*Focused on moving forward economically

*Promoted the 1895 International Cotton Exposition

International Cotton Exposition

*Event that promoted Georgia's industry

*Purpose: to encourage investment in the economy

*Henry Grady helped promote it

Rural Free Delivery Bill

*Tom Watson's greatest political achievement

*Provided mail delivery service to rural areas

*Importance = made "ordinary" Americans feel cared for

1906 Atlanta Race Massacre MAIN CAUSES

*Fear/jealously of growing Black middle-class (Alonzo Herndon)

*False newspaper reports of Black men attacking White women

Plessy v. Ferguson

*A Supreme Court ruling that legalized segregation and Jim Crow laws.

*Established the idea of "separate but equal."

Disenfranchisement

*Taking away a person's legal right to vote (15th Amendment)

*Accomplished with (1) poll taxes, (2) grandfather clause, & (3) literacy tests

Alonzo Herndon

*Black millionaire in Atlanta

*Born enslaved

*Owned the Crystal Palace barbershop

*Founded Atlanta Mutual Life Insurance Company

*Fear of him was a main cause of the Atlanta Race Massacre

Populist Party

*Political party formed during the New South era

*Represented the "common" people

*In Georgia, mostly focused on helping poor farmers and members of the Black community

Redeemers

*Politicians who wanted to "save" the South from northern interference and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

*Belonged to the Southern Democratic political party

EFFECTS of the International Cotton Exposition

*Increased investment in GA's economy (economic growth)

*More jobs (improved standard of living)

*ATL = "capital" of the New South (increased prestige)

EFFECTS of disenfranchisement

*Political inequality

*The Southern Democratic political party had almost total control of GA's politics

*Republican Party = little to no power

Atlanta Race MASSACRE RESULTS

*Negative impact on Atlanta's reputation

*Further segregation

*Many Black citizens murdered

Homer Plessy

*Bought a train ticket for the first-class "White" car and arrested

*Challenged the law in the courts

*Argued the law violated his 13th and 14th amendment rights

*Lost the case

New South Goals

*Move forward economically

*Move backwards socially

Booker T. Washington STRATEGY

*Slow approach

*Focus on proving economic value and then gaining equal social and political rights

Booker T. Washington DESCRIPTION

*Born enslaved

*Tuskegee Institute

*Industrial Education

*First Black man to have dinner with President at the White House

W.E.B. DuBois DESCRIPTION

*Born free

*Ph.D. from Harvard

*Higher/formal education

*Helped organize the NAACP

W.E.B. DuBois STRATEGY

*Immediate approach

*All equality NOW

*Talented Tenth

Leo Frank

*Accused of Mary Phagan's murder

*Victim of prejudice (anti-Semitism)

*Lynched by a group of men from Marietta

*Led to the rebirth of the KKK in Georgia