History Pre-comps key terms review

Agrarian

Agrarian

· Farming (another word for Agriculture)

· Cultural Continuity:

When one's culture stays the same or doesn't change after a long period of time.

· Migration

· When someone/something leaves one region for another, typically for food or weather reasons

Egalitarian

Equal

Nomadic

constantly moving

Hunter-forager

· Also, hunter-gatherer, someone that hunts and gathers.

Neolithic

· New Stone Age, after Paleolithic era, humans began to domesticate plants and animals.

Surplus

· Abundance of a resource, whether it's food or something else

Agriculture

Farming

· Specialization of labor

Division of labor, people having different jobs

· Metallurgy

Creation of metal tools

· Theocracy:

A religious government

· Monotheism:

Belief in one God

· Karma:

Sum of your deeds, connected to Hinduism, Caste System and Reincarnation Cycle

· Deity:

God

· Cast:

Social class for Hinduism

· Conquest:

When someone takes land/resources from another

· Cultural Diffusion:

When two cultures merge together to create a new culture.

· Satrapies

Persian provinces

isolation

When one is cut off, willingly or forced, from others

Monarchy

a govt. where one man/woman rules

· Contribution

Addition to society/technology

· Deposition

to overthrow a ruler

· Irrigation

Water used for farming

Homo sapiens

· Modern Humans

Paleolithic

· : "Old stone age, 1st and longest time period in human history, humans survived in egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies.

Domestication

· when a plant or animal is tamed, usually by humans

Sedentary

Staying in one place

· Pastoralism

Groups of nomadic peoples who depend on domesticated livestock (like horses) and migrate in an established territory to find pastures for their animals

Patriarchy

Male dominated society

· Civilization:

Complex society that exist within a city

· Cause:

When something leads to another

· Effect: What happens from something

What happens from something

· Class:.

A spot society ranks others based on wealth, jobs, etc

Class divisions:

When people are divided by their class

elite

High ranking individuals, typically control a lot of wealth or land

· Nobility

High ranked members of society, typically own land

· Aristocracy:

Govt. where the landowners control the government

· City-State:

A city that operates as a independent nation

· Dynasty:

When one family rules a region for many years

· Mandate of Heaven:

divine justification to rule China, created during the Zhou Dynasty

· Social inequality:

When people are treated based on class/job/wealth.

· Social stratification:

When people are ranked/treated based on class/job/wealth.

· Social status:

What comes from social classes (power, privilege, etc)

· Hierarchy:

Rank of people, usually connected to social classes

· Polytheism:

Belief in many gods

· Divine

Holy, comes from God, is referring to God

Codification: To write

To write

· Dharma

Your Caste obligations (what you have to do) connected to reincarnation cycle for Hinduism

· Ethnic:

Someone's cultural background, the population/subgroup one is a part of

· Enlightenment:

When you have reached spiritual perfection

· Philosophy:

A way of life, also known as a study of general and fundamental questions regarding life and existence

Religion

set of beliefs usually connected to a God or a prophet

· Reincarnation

Belief that after one die, their soul will be reborn into a new body

· Nirvana

When you reach spiritual enlightenment in Buddhism

· Filial Piety:

Ancestor worship, usually connected to Chinese society.

· Conversion (religious):

Changing your perspective in regards with religion and believing in a new one

· Religious toleration

Accepting of other

people religion's despite it not being your own

· Classical Era:

A time period in history connected to the rise of Persia, Greece and Rome.

· Continuity: When something stays similar or the same for a long period of time

When something stays similar or the same for a long period of time

· Empire:

When one govt., kingdom, ruler, etc. rules a vast amount of land, made up of several different groups of people and kingdoms

Cultural assimilation

When one culture takes from another culture and adds it to themselves.

· Satrap: Persian governor

Persian governor

· Corruption

dishonest or fake conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery

· Subordination

When someone is underneath someone else, ex: a slave is subordinate to the king

Centralized (State)

When a country is united, one singular voice controlling the nation.

· Decentralized

When a country is divided, many voices controlling many different aspects of the nation

· Foreign

of, from, in, or characteristic of a country or language other than one's own

· Pantheon

all the gods in a particular religion

· Multiethnic

Many cultures (for example, the Persian Empire and Roman Empire each had people of many different cultures in their empires, so both were multiethnic empires.)

Oligarchy

A govt. where a small group, typically elders, rule the govt.

· Democracy

Govt. in which all citizens have a say in govt.

· Hellenistic

Greek like, referring to a time period in which Greek culture was diffused with Persian, Egyptian and Indian culture.

· Innovation

Advancement in technology

· Advancement

Growth, improvement of something

Forced-labor

People forced to do work, typically without pay.

· Silk Road

A trade route connecting China to Rome, first trade route to travel across Eurasia.