Voltaire’s Candide Chapters 1-5

Define Candide - look at your footnote

Optimism

What is Pangloss’s motto?

• There cannot be an effect without a cause

• Everything is for the best

What does Candide do that gets him kicked out of the castle?

• He is bought kissing Conegonde

• “Paradise Fall” because of women

What is Candide tricked into doing?

Joining the Military

Before Candide is shot, the King pardons him. Why?

• Candide is a Philosophy student

• He is ignorant of the world(he can’t help how he is)

• Satirical moment - this moment pokes fun at the military; strict

• He cannot stray from the military

During the battle between the Bulgarians and the Abares, what’s does Candide do?

He hides

Once reaching Holland, Candide begs for food and speaks to a man giving a speech in clarity. Why does the man’s wife pour hot ingredients on him? Why is this ironic?

• Because, when asked if the pope is the antichrist, Candide states he does not know if the pope is the antichrist or not

• Ironic moment - the man is giving a speech on charity

• Candide is needing help, but he is treated harshly just because he Connor decision whether or not the poor is the antichrist

Candide is treated with kindness by Jacques, an Anabaptist. What does Candide state he believes after this act of kindness?

• He truly believes that everything is for the best

• Pangloss’s values

Candide sees a begging man on the street. Who is this man?

Pangloss

What does Pangloss say happened Cunégonde?

She’s dead

What ultimately, caused Pangloss to be in his horrible state?(not physically)

Love

Pangloss still insists, even after almost dying, that everything is for the best. Jacques disagrees and states that: “Men have___nature.”

Men

Jacques is thrown in the sea while trying to save a sailor. Candide wants to dive into the ocean to save Jaques, but Pangloss stops him from doing so. Why?

• The Bay of Lisbon was created to drown Jacques

• Everything that happens is for the best

Candide is covered by rubble and asks Pangloss to help him. What does Pangloss do instead?

• Pangloss tells Candide about the cause and effect of the Earthquake.

An officer argues with Pangloss’s notion that “all is for the best”, stating: “It would see the gwntleman does not believe in____.”

• Original sin

• All humans are born into a state of sin because of Adam and Eve’s disobedience to God

• If everything is for the best, then man has not fallen and is not liable to eternal punishment

• What would be the point of eternal punishment if it was for the best?