word roots final prospectus unit 3

{con/com}

together with (confide)

{e/ex}

out (expel)

{duc/duct}

lead (induce)

{s}

plural

{ion}

makes nouns

{ive}

added to verb base to make adjs

antonym

a word opposite in meaning to another

consul

official at a consulate; top Roman political position

emulation

rivalry, particularly involving imitation

salutatory

welcoming

salutary

healthful

prosecution

the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge

prudent

wise, careful, cautious

relinquish

to let go, give up

effectually

producing a desired effect

restitution

payment for an injury; compensation

principle

theory/standard/important rule/guideline (each person has their own principles)

serendipity etymology

past: fairytale "the 3 princes of serendip" in which heroes made discoveries by accident

now: something interesting/pleasant happening by chance

trivial etymology

past: a place where 3 roads meet

now: insignificant

prone

lying on stomach, face down

supine

lying on back, face up

marital

married

deus ex machina

a god from the machine; today = introduction of an artificial character or event that helps solve a complicated plot in fiction, film, etc. (ex: The play was interesting until the last act, when it became apparent that the problem could be resolved only by a deus ex machina)

summum bonum

the highest good; today = the same; often used in philosophical discussion concerning a thing good in itself (ex: My opponent seems to believe that the summum bonum of the country is to eliminate poverty by starvation)

how to use she/he and her/him

personal pronouns after the verb to be take the subjective case (I, she, he, we, you, they) ex: It is she NOT It is her

{de}

down {intense} (descend)

{prehens/prehend}

grasp (apprehend)

{script/scribe}

write (inscribe)

{tend/tens/tent}

stretch (extend)

{trop}

turn (tropics)

synonym

a word that has the same meaning as another word

conducive

helpful (ex: Exercise that leads to good health is conducive to your health)

council

an assembly or advisory group of people

counsel

advice

precarious

dangerous

vicissitude

a change or variation; ups and downs

legion

in large numbers

frontier

a zone where no state exercises complete political control

formidable

causing fear or dread

Latinate style

more intellectual and emotionally distant (words derived from Latin)

Anglo-Saxon style

more earthy and emotional (writing that is full of Anglo-Saxon)

principal

-means first or most important; sometimes it is used as a noun to denote the first, most important, or chief

-principal (of a school), principal (dancer), principal (sum of money in a loan—before interest)

idiot etymology

past: private

now: person who is so mentally deficient as to be incapable

sarcasm etymology

past: to rend the flesh

now: a sneer

assassin

past: a member of the Nizari branch of Ismaili Muslimsat the time of the Crusades, when the newly established sect ruledpart of northern Persia

now: important person in surprise attack for political/religious reasons

raise

lift, to build up (ex: We raised the skyscraper in 6 months)

raze

demolish (ex: They razed the skyscraper in 6 months)

martial

military, war-loving

modus operandi

method/way of acting/doing; today = someone's typical behavior or way of acting (ex: This crime fits the thief's modus operandi)

dramatis personae

masks/characters of a drama; today = characters of a play (ex: The plot of the play was weak, but the talent of the dramatis personae made the production a success)

non sequitur

it does not follow; today = a comment that is not logically connected with what came before (ex: Albert's remarks were so full of non sequiturs that the conversation seemed pointless)

hypercorrection

use of an inappropriate pronunciation, grammatical form, or constructionresulting usually from an effort to replace incorrect or seemingly incorrect formswith correct ones

how to use me and i

remove the additional nouns and pronouns and see if the result sounds right (ex: The bikes belong to ME not The bikes belong to I)

how to use who and whom

-who is used for things that aren't objects

-whom is used for direct objects of verbs and objects of prepositions

-use the trick: who=replace with he/she, whom=replace with him/her