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{con/com}
together with (confide)
{e/ex}
out (expel)
{duc/duct}
lead (induce)
{s}
plural
{ion}
makes nouns
{ive}
added to verb base to make adjs
antonym
a word opposite in meaning to another
consul
official at a consulate; top Roman political position
emulation
rivalry, particularly involving imitation
salutatory
welcoming
salutary
healthful
prosecution
the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge
prudent
wise, careful, cautious
relinquish
to let go, give up
effectually
producing a desired effect
restitution
payment for an injury; compensation
principle
theory/standard/important rule/guideline (each person has their own principles)
serendipity etymology
past: fairytale "the 3 princes of serendip" in which heroes made discoveries by accident
now: something interesting/pleasant happening by chance
trivial etymology
past: a place where 3 roads meet
now: insignificant
prone
lying on stomach, face down
supine
lying on back, face up
marital
married
deus ex machina
a god from the machine; today = introduction of an artificial character or event that helps solve a complicated plot in fiction, film, etc. (ex: The play was interesting until the last act, when it became apparent that the problem could be resolved only by a deus ex machina)
summum bonum
the highest good; today = the same; often used in philosophical discussion concerning a thing good in itself (ex: My opponent seems to believe that the summum bonum of the country is to eliminate poverty by starvation)
how to use she/he and her/him
personal pronouns after the verb to be take the subjective case (I, she, he, we, you, they) ex: It is she NOT It is her
{de}
down {intense} (descend)
{prehens/prehend}
grasp (apprehend)
{script/scribe}
write (inscribe)
{tend/tens/tent}
stretch (extend)
{trop}
turn (tropics)
synonym
a word that has the same meaning as another word
conducive
helpful (ex: Exercise that leads to good health is conducive to your health)
council
an assembly or advisory group of people
counsel
advice
precarious
dangerous
vicissitude
a change or variation; ups and downs
legion
in large numbers
frontier
a zone where no state exercises complete political control
formidable
causing fear or dread
Latinate style
more intellectual and emotionally distant (words derived from Latin)
Anglo-Saxon style
more earthy and emotional (writing that is full of Anglo-Saxon)
principal
-means first or most important; sometimes it is used as a noun to denote the first, most important, or chief
-principal (of a school), principal (dancer), principal (sum of money in a loan—before interest)
idiot etymology
past: private
now: person who is so mentally deficient as to be incapable
sarcasm etymology
past: to rend the flesh
now: a sneer
assassin
past: a member of the Nizari branch of Ismaili Muslimsat the time of the Crusades, when the newly established sect ruledpart of northern Persia
now: important person in surprise attack for political/religious reasons
raise
lift, to build up (ex: We raised the skyscraper in 6 months)
raze
demolish (ex: They razed the skyscraper in 6 months)
martial
military, war-loving
modus operandi
method/way of acting/doing; today = someone's typical behavior or way of acting (ex: This crime fits the thief's modus operandi)
dramatis personae
masks/characters of a drama; today = characters of a play (ex: The plot of the play was weak, but the talent of the dramatis personae made the production a success)
non sequitur
it does not follow; today = a comment that is not logically connected with what came before (ex: Albert's remarks were so full of non sequiturs that the conversation seemed pointless)
hypercorrection
use of an inappropriate pronunciation, grammatical form, or constructionresulting usually from an effort to replace incorrect or seemingly incorrect formswith correct ones
how to use me and i
remove the additional nouns and pronouns and see if the result sounds right (ex: The bikes belong to ME not The bikes belong to I)
how to use who and whom
-who is used for things that aren't objects
-whom is used for direct objects of verbs and objects of prepositions
-use the trick: who=replace with he/she, whom=replace with him/her