APUSH Period 5 Speed Review

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century doctrine that it was America's God-given duty to expand across the continent.

James K. Polk

The 11th President of the United States, who promoted Manifest Destiny and oversaw the annexation of Texas.

54-40 or fight

Polk's campaign slogan, referring to the northern latitude line he aimed to obtain for the Oregon territory.

Mexican-American War

A conflict (1846-1848) between the United States and Mexico, sparked by territory disputes.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War, expanding U.S. territory to the Pacific Ocean.

Compromise of 1850

A series of laws aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War.

Popular sovereignty

The principle that the settlers of a territory should determine its status as slave or free.

Bleeding Kansas

A series of violent political confrontations in the Kansas territory between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces.

Dred Scott decision

An 1857 Supreme Court ruling that declared African Americans were not U.S. citizens and could not sue.

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln's 1863 declaration freeing all enslaved people in states in rebellion against the Union.

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln's speech delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in 1863, redefining the war's purpose.

Freedmen's Bureau

Established in 1865 to help former enslaved people transition to freedom by providing assistance.

Radical Republicans

A faction of American politicians who advocated for the rights of freedmen and harsher measures against the South.

Jim Crow laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Ku Klux Klan

A white supremacist group formed during Reconstruction that used violence to intimidate African Americans.

Reconstruction Era

The period following the American Civil War during which the Southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union.

Hiram Revels

The first African American to serve in the U.S. Congress, elected during Reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

An agreement that resolved the contested 1876 presidential election, resulting in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.

Union advantages

The North's benefits in the Civil War, including a larger population, industrial power, and established infrastructure.

Confederate advantages

The South's strengths in the Civil War, including military leadership and a strong commitment to their cause.