Z-Scores and Statistical Concepts

Flashcards focusing on key terms and definitions related to Z-Scores, statistical distributions, and hypothesis testing, helping to prepare for the exam.

Z-Score

A type of standardized score representing the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean.

Standard Deviation (SD)

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Mean

The average of a set of numbers, calculated as the total of the values divided by the count of values.

Normal Distribution

A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution where most of the observations cluster around the central peak and probabilities for values on the extreme ends taper off equally on both sides.

Central Limit Theorem

States that the distribution of sample means will approximate a normal distribution as the sample size becomes larger, regardless of the population's distribution.

Hypothesis Testing

A method for testing a claim or hypothesis about a parameter in a population, involving a decision-making process based on statistical evidence.

Type I Error

The incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis, also known as a false positive.

Type II Error

The failure to reject a false null hypothesis, known as a false negative.

Alpha Level ()

The threshold probability for rejecting the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01 in scientific research.

Sampling Distribution

The probability distribution of a statistic obtained through a large number of samples drawn from a specific population.