AFAM NOTES 1.1-1.6

Black campus Movement

Hundreds of thousands of black students, Latino , Asian , and white supporters led a protest at over 1,000 colleges demanding greater opportunities to study the history and experience of black people and greater support for black students , faculty and administrators

what is African American Studies ?

Analyze the history of, culture + contributions of people of African descent in the US throughout the African Diaspora

How did African American Studies Emerge?

Black artistic , intellectual, and political endeavors and offers a lens for understanding black freedom struggles

2 Black Intellectuals

Carter G Wilson and W.E.B Du Bois

What did Carter G Woodson do?

Founds Association for study of negro life and history

What did W.E.B Du Bois do?

Promoted study of black history

What was Sweatt V. painter (1950)?

Desegregated graduate programs in universities

5 primary climate Zones in Africa

Desert(Sahara),Semiarid (Sahel), Savannah grassland , Tropical Rainforest, and Mediterranean

5 major rivers in Africa

Niger, Congo , Zambezi, Orange ,and Nile River

Major seas in Africa

Red and Mediterranean Sea

Major oceans in Africa

Atlantic and Indian Ocean

Which seas and ocean supported the emergence of early societies?

Red , Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean

Which climate zone led to the growth of population

Semiarid(Sahel) and Savanah grassland

How did the desert and semiarid climate facilitate opportunities?

Herders were nomadic and trading salt

How did the Savanah grassland climate facilitate opportunities ?

Cultivated grain crops

How did Sahel climate facilitate Opportunities?

Trade of livestock

How did the tropical rainforest climate facilitate opportunities?

Grew kola trees , yams , and traded gold

What caused the expansion of the Bantu empire?

Technological innovations and agricultural innovations that led to population growth and a series of migration of people who spoke Bantu languages

What were the effects of the Bantu expansion?

Bantu-speaking people’s influence spread , Africa is now home of thousands of ethnic groups and languages and a large portion of genetic ancestry of African Americans derives from communities in Africa that spoke languages belonging to Bantu family

What was 2 of the worlds earliest complex ,large scale societies that arose in Africa during the ancient era ?

Egypt and nubia

What led to the conflict of Egypt and Nubia ?

Nubia was the source of egypt’s gold and luxury items

Who won between Egypt and Nubia?

Nubia defeated Egypt and establish 25th dynasty of the black pharaohs and ruled Egypt for a century

Aksumite Empire (Eritrea and Ethiopia)

Emerged in E. Africa and Red Sea connected the empire to major maritime trade from Mediterranean and Roman Empire to India

What is Aksumites Currency and script?

Ge’ez

NOK society

Earliest Iron working Society

What is NOK society known for?

Thier pottery , naturalist TERRACOTTA sculptures of animals and people

Which society was first to adopt Christianity under the leadership of King Ezana?

Aksumite

What was Ge’ez sizes for?

The main liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church

What happened in the late 18th century?

African-American writers emphasize significance of ancient Africa in their secular text

What happened in the mid 20th century?

Research demonstrating Africans political claims for self and independence from European colonialism

What were the three Sudanic empires?

Ghana Mali ,Shanghai

What was Ghana, Mali, Songhai renowned for?

Gold mines, and strategic location at multiple trade routes

When did Ghana flourish?

7th to 13th century

What did the Songhai empire discover?

The new word / the America’s

When did Mali flourish?

13th -17th century

When did Songhai flourish?

15th to 16th century

Who was the ruler of Mali?

Mansa musa in 14th century

What led to the interest of merchants and cartographers?

Mali’s wealth and mansa musa’s hajj

What did W.African Empires house?

Centers of learning in trading cities

How did Mali house a center of learning in trading cities?

Book trade , university+ learning communities flourished in Timbuktu which drew astronomers , mathematicians, architects and jurists to the city

Who were griots?

Historians , story tellers and musicians who maintained and shared community’s history , traditions and cultural practices

How did gender play a role in Griot tradition?

African women and men preserved knowledge of a community’s birth, deaths and marriage in their stories