NPTE breath sounds

vesicular duration

inspiratory longer than expiratory

vesicular intensity

soft

vesicular pitch

low

vesicular location

over most of lungs

bronchovesicular duration

inspiratory and expiratory are equal

bronchovesicular intensity

intermediate

bronchovesicular pitch

intermediate

bronchovesicular location

between first and second interspace anteriorly and between the scapula

bronchial duration

expiratory longer than inspiratory

bronchial intensity

loud

bronchial pitch

high

bronchial location

over manubrium

tracheal duration

inspiratory and expiratory are equal

tracheal intensity

very loud

tracheal pitch

relatively high

tracheal location

over trachea in the neck

wheeze

continuous high pitched sound heard during expiration

what causes wheezing?

asthma, COPD, foreign body aspiration

what is another name for crackles?

rales

crackles

crepitations; brief discontinuous, popping lung sounds that are high pitched

when are crackles heard?

inspiration and expiration

what causes crackles?

atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema, CHF

rhonchi

continuous low pitched rattling lung sounds that often resemble snoring

when is rhonchi heard?

inspiration and expiration

what causes rhonchi?

COPD, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, CF, chronic bronchitis

stridor

harsh, high pitched crowing sound; upper airway obstruction, narrowing of trachea or glottis

what causes stridor?

tracheal stenosis or presence of a foreign object

pleural rub

two pieces of leather or sandpaper being rubbed together

when is pleural rub heard?

inspiration and expiration; auscultation in lower lateral chest areas

fremitus

vibrations produced by the voice or by the presence of secretions in the airways