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Industrial Civilization
A society that has moved from agrarian economies to being driven by manufacturing and industry, emerging in America between the Civil War and the 1900s.
Monopolies
Large corporations that dominate a particular market, often leading to calls for government regulation due to the challenges they pose to competition.
Populist Party
A radical political movement of the 1880s and 1890s that represented the interests of small farmers against the power of Wall Street and big business.
Jim Crow Laws
State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States, beginning in the late 19th century.
The Gilded Age
A period in American history (c. 1869-1896) marked by political corruption, significant economic growth, and social turmoil.
Compromise of 1877
The agreement that resolved the contested 1876 presidential election, leading to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and marking the end of Reconstruction.
The Pendleton Act
A 1883 law that established a merit-based system for federal employment and aimed to end the spoils system of political patronage.
The Chinese Exclusion Act
Legislation passed in 1882 that prohibited further immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States.
Granger Movement
A coalition of U.S. farmers that aimed to advance their social and economic interests through collective action and political activism in the late 19th century.
Tariff
A tax imposed on imported goods, often used to protect domestic industries by making foreign products more expensive.
