Spanish Grammar Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing Spanish grammar concepts, including uses of 'por' and 'para,' preterite and imperfect tenses, subjunctive mood, and irregular preterite verbs.

POR

Used for: Movement (through/by), Cause/motive, Duration of time, Exchange, Voting, Time of day, and expressions like por favor, por ejemplo.

PARA

Used for: Destination, Deadline, Recipient, Comparison, Purpose/in order to, and Opinion.

Preterite

Used for: Completed actions, Specific number of times, Sudden/interrupting events, and Specific time frame (ayer, etc.).

Imperfect

Used for: Ongoing/habitual actions, Background details (weather, age, etc.), Simultaneous actions, and Interrupted actions.

WEIRDO

Acronym for: Wishes, Emotions, Impersonal expressions, Recommendations, Doubt, Ojalá – triggers for using the subjunctive mood.

Subjunctive

Use after V1 (WEIRDO) + que + V2 (subjunctive). NOT used when V1 expresses certainty (es cierto, creo que, no dudo que) – use indicative instead.

Subjunctive -AR endings

yo: -e, tú: -es, él: -e, nosotros: -emos, vosotros: -éis, ellos: -en

Subjunctive -ER/-IR endings

yo: -a, tú: -as, él: -a, nosotros: -amos, vosotros: -áis, ellos: -an

Preterite -AR endings

é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron

Preterite -ER/-IR endings

í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron

Imperfect -AR endings

aba, abas, aba, ábamos, abais, aban

Imperfect -ER/-IR endings

ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían

Irregular Preterite - UV group

tener -> tuv-, estar -> estuv-, andar -> anduv-

Irregular Preterite - J group

decir -> dij-, traer -> traj-, conducir -> conduj-

Irregular Preterite - I group

hacer -> hic- (hizo), querer -> quis-, venir -> vin-

Irregular Preterite - U group

poder -> pud-, poner -> pus-, saber -> sup-

Preterite of ser/ir

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron

Preterite of dar

di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron

Preterite of ver

vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron