BIO TEST DNA Tech

1. selective breeding

Breeding of two organisms that have our desired/wanted traits.

2. inbreeding

breeding with an organism’s relatives.

3. hybrid

heterozygous; One trait or characteristic is different than other

4. test cross

A way to check the dominant trait’s gene by mating that test organism with a homozygous recessive organism.

5. genetic engineering

A way to edit an organism’s gene, and change that organism forever.

6. gel electrophoresis

It is a method of identifying the DNA strands using the appropriate instruments

7. recombinant DNA

The result of connecting DNA fragments from different sources

8. transgenic organism

Organism that has DNA from another type of organism.

9. restriction enzyme

Enzymes that cut the DNA.

10. blunt ends

The result of restriction enzymes cutting straight across both strands.

11. sticky ends

The end of the cutted DNA that is complementary to anther single

12. vector

Acts like vehicles; used to transport DnA fragments

13. plasmid

A small ring found of DNA found in a bacterial cell.

14. clone

Genetically identical duplicate.

15. Human Genome

It is an international effort in mapping all the genes in the46 chromosomes

16. Linkage map

A genetic map that shows the relative location of the genes on a chromosome.

17. gene therapy

It is an insertion of normal genes into the human cells to correct genetic disorder.

18. embryonic stem cells (totipotent)

Cells with unlimited capabilities, and have the ability to form extraembryonic membranes and tissues.

19. adult stem cells (somatic)

An undifferentiated cell found in differentiated tissues that can renew itself.

20. Describe two examples illustrating the advantages to selective breeding.

Ans: We can form an organism with unique traits that can help us live or cure anytype of disease. We can also form pest resistant plants.

21. Why is genetic engineering perhaps better than selective breeding?

Ans: Genetic engineering is better than selective breeding, because there are accurate results in genetic engineering and it takes significantly less time compare to selective breeding.

22. What three major steps are involved in the production of a transgenic organism?

Ans: Isolation of the DNA, Attach DNA to the vector, and transfer that vector to the host.

23. Why are "sticky ends" the key to recombinant DNA?

Ans: They are the key to recombinant DNA because those two sticky ends fuse together and create a recombinant DNA; allows for copy and pasting the DNA

24. What are the two major types of vectors?

Ans: Biological and mechanical vectors.

25. What is one potential advantage to cloning?

Ans: You can bring back extinct species using their DNA and the process of cloning.

26. What is the function of a polymerase chain reaction?

Ans: The function of a polymerase chain reaction is to produce tons of copies of DNA, so it can form that organism.

27. State two examples of how recombinant DNA can be used in industry.

Ans: It can be useful to make some microorganisms that can be injected into any type of product to help us/humans in some type of way. We can also use those recombinant DNA to form vitamins and proteins that are useful in industrial usage.

28. State two examples of how recombinant DNA can be used in medicine.

We can create medicines that have those specific recombinant DNA that kills of a disease like cancer. We can also create some genes that can form a normal human into a superhuman by developing some necessary organs through the insertion of recombinant DNA.

29. State two examples of how recombinant DNA can be used in agriculture.

Ans: We can create pest resistant crops, and we can make crops that are resistant to climate changes and can produce a lot of food.

30. What are the three major applications of the human genome project?

Ans: Gene therapy, DNA fingerprinting, and diagnosis of genetic disorders