APUSH Unit 4

Revolution of 1800

Revolution of 1800

refers to Thomas Jefferson's election as President, marking the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the United States, from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans

Judicial Review

established by Marbury v. Madison, granted the Supreme Court the authority to interpret the Constitution and declare laws unconstitutional, shaping the balance of power among branches of government

American System

proposed by Henry Clay, aimed to promote economic growth through a combination of protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements, fostering industrialization and national unity in the early 19th century

Monroe Doctrine

articulated in 1823, declared that European powers should not interfere in the affairs of the independent nations of the Americas, while also asserting American neutrality in European conflicts, setting a precedent for U.S. foreign policy

Missouri Compromise

admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30’ parallel, temporarily easing tensions over the expansion of slavery in the United States

Market Revolution

transformed the American economy by fostering industrialization, expanding transportation networks, and shifting towards a market-based system of production and exchange

Universal White Male Suffrage

achieved in the early 19th century, expanded voting rights to all adult white males regardless of property ownership, significantly democratizing the political landscape in the United States

Nullification Crisis

arose when South Carolina attempted to declare federal tariffs null and void within its borders, sparking a constitutional debate over states' rights versus federal authority, ultimately resolved by a compromise led by President Andrew Jackson

Second Great Awakening

a religious revival movement in the early 19th century, sparked widespread evangelical fervor, social reform movements, and the proliferation of new religious denominations across the United States

Seneca Falls Convention

the first women's rights convention in the United States, where attendees, led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, advocated for women's suffrage and issued the Declaration of Sentiments, calling for gender equality

Thomas Jefferson

the third President of the United States and primary author of the Declaration of Independence, championed republican ideals, territorial expansion through the Louisiana Purchase, and limited government during his tenure

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835, significantly shaped American jurisprudence through landmark decisions such as Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden, which expanded federal power and established the principle of judicial review

Andrew Jackson

the seventh President of the United States, was a controversial figure known for his populist policies, expansion of executive power, Indian removal policies such as the Trail of Tears, and his championing of the "common man" during the Age of Jacksonian Democracy

James Monroe

the fifth President of the United States, is known for his Monroe Doctrine, which warned European powers against further colonization in the Americas, and for presiding over the Era of Good Feelings, a period of relative political harmony and economic growth

Henry Clay

a prominent statesman known as the "Great Compromiser," played a central role in shaping American politics in the early 19th century, advocating for the American System, the Missouri Compromise, and the Compromise of 1850

Big Picture Idea #1

The Democratic-Republican party dominated politics in the early 1800s with the elections of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe.

Big Picture Idea #2

Universal white male suffrage led to the election of war hero Andrew Jackson in 1828, America’s first “commonly” elected president.

Big Picture Idea #3

The Market Revolution was more than just the “Industrial Revolution” and its inventions, but also included changes in labor, consumerism, and the American economy as a whole.

Big Picture Idea #4

Henry Clay shaped America with his “American System” and eased sectional tensions between the North and South with the Missouri Compromise.

Big Picture Idea #5

The religious movement known as the Second Great Awakening was a result of industrialization and led to a series of social and moral reforms to fix the ills of American Society.