Balancing Equations review

final, chem 115, WVU fall '25

Empirical formula

simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound

Molecular formula

actual number of each type of atom in a molecule

S subshell

2 electrons

P subshell

6

D subshell

10 electrons

F subshell

14 electrons

When testing for magnetism, do the noble gas config, exclude the noble gas, and do the electron chart for ___

the remaining shells

If it’s on the end of its section, it’s ___

diamagnetic

Copper electron config.

4s² 3d¹⁰

Effective nuclear charge (Zeff): formula

(atomic number) - (non-valence electrons)

Effective nuclear charge (Zeff): what?

reduced nuclear charge felt by valence electrons due to shielding by core electrons

The outermost electrons have ___ Zeff and are more likely to be ____

low, lost in chemical reactions

Electrons in filled inner shells exert ____ on electrons in outer shells

electrostatic repulsion

Valence electrons feel a __ nuclear charge

weaker

Valence electron configuration

noble gas configuration - noble gas

Electrons in a polar bond tend to spend ___ time around the more electronegative element

more

A triple bond is made of ___ sigma bond(s) and ___ pi bond(s)

1, 2

As the bond order increases, the bond energy __

increases

As the bond order increases, the bond length __

decreases

Energy is __ when bonds are formed

released

Energy is __ when bonds are broken

absorbed

Two molecules with the same Lewis structures ___ have different molecular geometries

may not

Two molecules with the same molecular geometry can have __ electron pair geometries

different