Understanding Climate and Weather Concepts

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to climate, weather definitions, feedback loops, insolation, and the impact of greenhouse gases on Earth's atmosphere as discussed in the lecture.

What is the primary difference between climate and weather?

Climate refers to average surface conditions over long time spans (minimum ten years), while weather describes average surface conditions over short time spans (hours, days, weeks).

What are positive feedback loops in climate systems?

In positive feedback loops, an increase in one part of the system causes a simultaneous increase in another part, creating a cycle of amplification.

What is an example of a positive feedback loop related to climate?

As ice melts, less sunlight is reflected away, leading to higher temperatures and further ice melting.

How do negative feedback loops differ from positive feedback loops?

Negative feedback loops involve a reciprocal relationship where an increase in one part causes a decrease in another, stabilizing the system over time.

What is insolation?

Insolation stands for incoming solar radiation, the energy the Earth receives from the sun.

What are the Milankovitch cycles?

Milankovitch cycles are cyclic changes in Earth's movement in the solar system, affecting climate over long time periods.

What does eccentricity describe in the context of Earth’s orbit?

Eccentricity describes the degree to which Earth's orbit around the sun deviates from being circular, influencing climate over a 100,000-year cycle.

How does the obliquity cycle affect seasonal climate?

The obliquity cycle, taking about 41,000 years, describes changes in Earth's axial tilt, affecting the contrast between summer and winter temperatures.

What role do greenhouse gases play in the atmosphere?

Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit some of the infrared radiation emitted from Earth’s surface, trapping heat and contributing to the greenhouse effect.

What happens when insulation is lost due to atmospheric conditions?

If insulation reflects off atmospheric particles, clouds, or gases, it does not warm the Earth’s surface effectively.

Why do temperatures decrease as you move from the equator to the poles?

The same amount of solar energy is spread over a larger area as you move toward the poles, resulting in lower temperatures.

What is the Southern Oscillation?

The Southern Oscillation is the periodic fluctuation of air pressure differences between the eastern and western Pacific Ocean that affects climate patterns.