zoology exam3 reptiles T/F

synapsids are the most primitive reptiles

F, anapsids

anapsids have no temporal openings in the skull

T

synapsids have two temporal openings on each side of the skull

F, one, diapsids have 2

therapsids are synapsids

T

therapsids appear closely related to the first mammals

T

diapsids have two temporal openings on each side of skull

T

many of the extinct groups of reptiles are also anapsids

F, diapsids

many reptilian groups flourished during the mesozoic era

T

many reptilian groups that were in the Paleozoic era ruled the terrestrial environment

F, mesozoic

synapsids existed in the late paleozoic and in the Mesozoic era

T

another name for therapsids are pelycosaurs

F, primitive synapsids

primitive synapsid legs are sprawled to the side, not rotated under the body

T

dimetrodon was a predatory pterosaur with large head, jaws, and teeth

F, pelycosaur

primitive synapsid sail on back is hypothesized to be for thermoregulation and/or territorial display/mate attraction

T

therapsids are considered to be mammal like reptiles that

appear most closely related to true mammals

T

synapsids have

limbs rotated under the body

F, therapsids

therapsids have skull and jaw features are similar to mammals,

increased jaw strength

T

therapsids have weaker jaws for metabolism

F, stronger

Pterosaurs were from late

Triassic to late cretaceous , middle to late Mesozoic

T

Ichthyosaurs were first of the flying vertebrates

F, pterosaurs

Pterosaurs have wings

different from those of birds

T

plesiosaurs had

wings different from those of birds

F, pterosaurs

pterosaurs wings did not have feathers (made out of bone and skin)

T

pliosaurs bones

were long and hollow like those of birds to decrease weight

F, pterosaurs

pterosaurs had well

developed sternum for flight

T

Dinosaurs had air

sacs in body to decrease weight for flying

F, pterosaurs

pterosaurs had teeth, some had beaks

T

Ichthyosaurs were marine

T

Plesiosaurs existed

during Jurassic and cretaceous

F, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs were all 3

ichthyosaurs had body

shape similar to dolphin

T

ichthyosaurs had large tail fin

T

ichthyosaurs had small eyes

F, large

ichthyosaurs had short jaws with pointed teeth

F, long

ichthyosaurs had only fore limbs, no hind limbs

F, both

ichthyosaurs were live bearing

T

ichthyosaurs had no fossils found with developing embryos inside

F, 50+ found

ichthyosaurs had to leave the water

F, never had to leave

ichthyosaurs are one

of the few reptiles to live their entire life in the water

T

Plesiosaurs and Pliosaurs existed in the triassic,

Jurassic, cretaceous

T

Plesiosaurs and Pliosaurs had small bodies with flipper like fins

F, long bodies

the most accepted hypothesis for Plesiosaurs and Pliosaurs was that they were ovoviviparous

F, oviparous

plesiosaurs had short necks and huge heads

F, LONG neck, SHORT head

pliosaurs had shorter necks and huge head and large jaws

T

some  Plesiosaurs and Pliosaurs had

largest jaws of any carnivorous vertebrate

T

dinosaur legs were rotated under the body

T

dinosaur teeth are

one of the keys to identifying dinosaurs

F, pelvic bones

orientations of dinosaur legs decreased efficiency of their movements

F, increased

legs allowed dinosaurs to walk upright on two legs instead of four

T

some dinosaurs exhibited

parental care

T

earliest dinosaur fossils are from latter half of jurassic

F, triassic

therapod dinosaur

body specialized for upright walking or running

T

therapod dino most structurally similar to fish

F, birds

biped predatory dinosaurs is a sauropod

F, theropod

Tyrannosaurus rex is an ex of stegosaurs

F, theropod

Velociraptor is ex of sauropod

F, theropod

Velociraptor is one of the largest terrestrial carnivores to ever exist

F, t rex

Sauropod is

largest of the dinosaurs and the largest animals to ever live in terrestrial environment

T

an ex of a hadrosaur is apatosaurus

F, sauropod

sauropods are herbivores

T

sauropods had short necks

F, long, help w feeding

stegosaurs neck posed physiological

problems, circulation and breathing

F, sauropod

sauropod may

have had bird like respiratory system to facilitate one way flow of air

T

Stegosaurs were herbivores

T

Stegosaurs had short plates extending from their back

F, large

Hadrosaurs are known as the duck billed dinos

T

based on structure of stegosaurs skulls, it was used to make sound

F, hadrosaurs

KT mass extinction, end of cretaceous

T

Spehnodonta/Tuatara resemble lizard

T

of all the living reptiles, tuatara is closest in relation to lizards and snakes

T

Spehnodonta/Tuatara are living fossils

T

Spehnodonta/Tuatara have a primitive anapsid skull

that has changed very little over time

F, diapsid

tuatara has a tympanic membrane and good hearing

F, no TM, bad hearing

tuatara has no ear drum or ear opening, middle ear poorly developed

T

Spehnodonta/Tuatara has

well developed third eye

T

Spehnodonta/Tuatara has second eye connected to pineal

F, third

Spehnodonta/Tuatara has third eye covered by small layer of skin, only

registers sound

F, registers light

Spehnodonta/Tuatara third eye important for sensing seasonality

T

Spehnodonta/Tuatara live in relatively warm environment

F, cold

Spehnodonta/Tuatara have fast physiology

F, slow motion

Spehnodonta/Tuatara biology and reproduction reflect the cool

environment

T

Spehnodonta/Tuatara eggs take 12-16 months to hatch, longest for any

vertebrate

T

Chelonia/Testudines are the most successful, pushing 6000 species

F, squamates

Chelonia/Testudines, Proganochelys

and Triassochelys data says they may be diapsids

T

Proganochelys and Triassochelys first fossil record from jurassic

F, triassic

Proganochelys and Triassochelys first turtles appear at start of mesozoic

T

Chelonia/Testudines shell is bony plates covered by cornified layer of scutes that are made of keratin

T

Chelonia/Testudines can move their ribs in and out

F, can not

Chelonia/Testudines have no diaphragm

T

Chelonia/Testudines turtles are negative pressure breathers

T

Chelonia/Testudines increase

and decrease volume within shell via contracting muscles that inflates and deflates lungs

T

Chelonia/Testudines use internal fertilization

T

Chelonia/Testudines have hemipenes

F, one penis

Chelonia/Testudines live long

T

Chelonia/Testudines jaws lack teeth

T

Chelonia/Testudines shell indicates what they eat

F, beak

Chelonia/Testudines females have longer tails

F, males

have longer tails to hold onto female during mating

sea turtles, 75% are hidden neck

T

2 families of snapping turtles:

hard shelled and leather back

F, sea turtles

sea turtles are fully

adapted to marine environment

F, adapted but not fully bc they have to leave to lay eggs. Ichythosaurs are fully adapted- live bearing

tortoise

legs modified into flippers

F, sea turtle