pregnancy and STI prevention + RPh prescribed contraception

exam 1

what vaccines are available to decrease the risk of certain STI’s?

• HepB vaccine

• HPV vaccine

who is eligible for the HPV vaccine?

anyone 9-45

• under 15, its a 2 dose schedule: 0 and 6-12 months

• over 15, it depends on the vaccine. engerix is 3 doses, recombivax and heplisav-B are 2 doses

what is coitus interruptus

the “pull out” method

which condoms should be recommended if there is a latex allergy?

• polyurethane and polyisoprene

which condom is more elastic, polyurethane or polyisoprene

polyisoprene are more elastic than polyurethane

which condoms are degraded by oil based lubricants

latex and polyisoprene

what are the four kinds of male condoms

latex, polyurethane, polyisoprene and lamb cecum

what are the 5 types of vaginal spermicides

• vaginal gel

• vaginal foam

• vaginal suppositories

• vaginal contraceptive film

• vaginal contraceptive sponge

which vaginal spermicides are effective immediately after inserting?

vaginal gel, vaginal foams and vaginal sponge

which vaginal spermicide has an increased risk of TSS

vaginal sponge

what is the calendar method of fertility awareness

• uses menstrual cycle to calculate fertile period

• fertile period:

  • first day is # of shortest cycle days - 18

  • last day is # of longest cycle days - 11
    

what is the cervical mucus method

• observe cervical mucus on daily basis and notice character and quantity to determine fertile period

what is the symptothermal method

combines cervical mucus tracking with basal body temperature readings

what is the lactational amenorrhea method

• where a mother uses exclusive breastfeeding to delay the return of her menstrual period (amenorrhea) and prevent ovulation for 6 months postpartum

what are the non curable STI’s that have no vaccine

HIV, Genital Herpes, and some Hep C types

what are non curable STI’s that are vaccine preventable

genital warts and Hep B

how do Combined hormonal contraceptives prevent pregnancy?

they inhibit ovulation

how do progestin pills prevent pregnancy

they thicken the uterus lining making it difficult for implantation to occur

what is the failure rate of CHC’s

9%

what are some contraindications for using CHC’s

• women with history of venous thromboembolism (VTE)

• uncontrolled hypertension

• history of migraine with aura

• history of cardiovascular events like stroke or MI

• older than 35 that smoke 15+ cigarettes a day

why can you not use depo-provera for an extended period

using it for longer than 2 years can make women more at risk for low bone density

why is it important to monitor blood pressure when taking combined hormonal contraceptives

estradiol can increase blood pressure and clotting factors

what are other reasons for taking CHC’s

• acne

• PMDD

• increase folate levels

• treat heavy bleeding

• PCOS

what are common side effects for CHC’s

nausea, breakthrough bleeding, mood change, weight gain

if an contraceptive patch falls off for more than 24 hours, what should you do? what about less than 24 hours?

• 24 hours or more = a new patch should be applied and this is considered a new cycle. use a backup birth control method for 7 days

• less than 24 hours = a new patch can be applied and no back up is necessary

the contraceptive ring is used for how long at a time?

it is inserted and left in place for 3 weeks.

what if a missed dose of the vaginal ring occurs?

• if the ring is left out for less than 3 hours, wash it with lukewarm water and reinsert it.

• if the ring is left out for more than 3 hours, a backup birth control should be used until the ring has been in place for 7 days.

what is a dose of a progestin only pill is missed

• a missed dose is considered 3 hours after the scheduled dose. if after that, the pill should be taken as soon as possible and a back up should be used for 48 hours after

how often are progestin only injections given?

every 12-13 weeks