Unit Five Exam Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Unit Five Exam Review, focusing on nephrology, urinalysis, body fluids, and related medical tests.

nephron

The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and produces urine.

urinalysis

The examination of urine to assess health and diagnose diseases.

BUN

Blood Urea Nitrogen; a test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, commonly used to evaluate kidney function.

creatinine

A waste product from muscle metabolism, used as an indicator of kidney function.

macroscopic urine result

Refers to observable characteristics of urine such as color and clarity.

anuria

The absence of urine production.

oliguria

Low urine output, typically defined as less than 400 mL per day.

ketones

Compounds produced during the breakdown of fats for energy, which can be detected in the urine.

bilirubin

A substance produced from the breakdown of red blood cells, its presence in urine can indicate liver dysfunction.

glucose in urine

The presence of glucose in urine, often indicating hyperglycemia or diabetes.

confirmatory tests

Tests used to confirm the presence of specific substances, such as bilirubin or ketones.

transudates

Fluid that passes through a membrane or tissue, typically associated with systemic conditions.

exudates

Fluid that leaks out of blood vessels due to inflammation, often associated with localized conditions.

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

The fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, analyzed for various conditions.

serous fluid

Fluid found in body cavities, used for diagnosing disease state.

synovial fluid

Fluid present in joint cavities, lubricating joints and providing nutrients.

case study

A detailed analysis of a specific case involving a patient's diagnosis and treatment.

aspartic acid interference

Interference in test results caused by the presence of ascorbic acid.

vaginal wet prep

A diagnostic test for assessing infections or abnormalities in vaginal fluids.

polarizer

An optical instrument used to study the properties of materials that affect light.

viscosity

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, important for assessing body fluids.